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Higher speeds involve higher forces which do more damge in breaking bones, etc. Ther force is f=ma = mdv/dt, the higher the speed the greater the deceleration on impact thus causing greater force on structures. There is also higher energy in higher speeds.

At low speeds the energy and forces are smaller. The energy goes up by the speed squared, so twice the speed gives four times the energy. Twice the speed gives twice the force. The damage relates to the force the structures can take before damage.

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