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Why are silver nanoparticles more effective than normal sized silver particles?
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What are silver nanoparticles used for?
Silver nanoparticles are used in antibacterial technology embedded in refrigerators, washing machines, air coolers, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners and air purifiers. This helps in blocking transmission of airborne diseases in humans and increases safety of health.
What is aggregation of nanoparticles?
Aggrgation of nanoparticles is where they stick together. This is undesirable in nanoparticle solutions, we want each nanoparticle to remain seperate. To combat this differing amounts of salts can be added to stop agglomeration, sodium citrate is one that is used for silver and gold nanoparticles. The zeta potential of the nanoparticle is a masure of its overall charge, ideally we want nanoparticles with a high positive or negative zeta potential as like charges repel each other and will stop nanoparticles from agglomerating.
Why does a glass beaker of solution of silver nitrate develop black turbidity?
The energy from normal light can cause the silver cations in silver nitrate solution to be reduced to silver metal, which has a turbid black appearance and a low sedimentation rate because of the small size of the metallic particles.
What happens to the silver particles as the melted silver cools down?
No
What is silver made up of?
Pure silver is made up of the element silver. Any further down and you are talking about the particles that make up atoms-- protons, electrons, neutrons and related sub-atomic particles. All of these particles are exactly the same no matter what kind of atom they are part of.
What is the effect of silver nanoparticles in plastic?
Silver nanoparticles are antibacterial, and when embedded in plastics for use in the medical field, are non-toxic. This makes silver nanoparticles useful in plastic applications such as surgical catheters.
How do you prepare nanoparticles?
There are a number of different synthetic routes to produce silver nano particles. One of these methods is the wet chemistry method. There are also several wet chemical methods for creating silver nanoparticles. Typically, these involve the reduction of a silver salt such as silver nitrate with a reducing agent like sodium borohydride in the presence of a colloidal stabilizer. Sodium borohydride has been used with polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), bovine serum albumin (BSA), citrate and cellulose as stabilizing agents. In the case of BSA, the sulfur-, oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing groups mitigate the high surface energy of the nanoparticles during the reduction. The hydroxyl groups on the cellulose are reported to help stabilize the particles. Citrate and cellulose have been used to create silver nanoparticles independent of a reducing agent as well. An additional novel wet chemistry method used to create silver nanoparticles took advantage of ß-D-glucose as a reducing sugar and a starch as the stabilizer.
How are nanoparticles manufactured?
on a small scale in the lab there are many different ways. Most scientists have to do a search in existing litrature to find a way of making nanoparticles similar to what they want and then conduct systamatic experiments from there to see how changing paramaters will change the size and shape of the particles, with the goal of developing their own synthesis. Two common reactions you will hear of to make nanoparticles are the Stober reaction, which uses tetraethylortho silicate, ammonium hydroxide, water and differing alcohols to make silica particles, these particles are used to make artificial opals, which in turn are used to study properties of light and its interaction of matter. Another common one is the Lee and Miesel method of making silver or gold nanoparticles, this makes use of a metal salt and a solution of sodium citrate to reduce the salt to pure metal.
What are silver nanoparticles used for?
Silver nanoparticles are used in antibacterial technology embedded in refrigerators, washing machines, air coolers, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners and air purifiers. This helps in blocking transmission of airborne diseases in humans and increases safety of health.
What is aggregation of nanoparticles?
Aggrgation of nanoparticles is where they stick together. This is undesirable in nanoparticle solutions, we want each nanoparticle to remain seperate. To combat this differing amounts of salts can be added to stop agglomeration, sodium citrate is one that is used for silver and gold nanoparticles. The zeta potential of the nanoparticle is a masure of its overall charge, ideally we want nanoparticles with a high positive or negative zeta potential as like charges repel each other and will stop nanoparticles from agglomerating.
Reason for yellow color in silver nanoparticles?
Basically without math, certain metals have elecrons that are "free" silver is one of these metals. These free electrons are necessary for a condition called a surface plasmon to exist. Now silver particles in an aqueous solution will have two parts to its refractive index, that of the water and that of the silver nanoparticles. Next is the interaction of light. Photons can be thought as particles or waves, in this case we will think of them as waves. When an electromagnetic wave interacts with the surface plasmon mode it causes the free electrons that are part of the surface plasmon to oscillate, usually in anti phase to the electromagnetic wave. This essentially causes certain wavelengths of light to be blocked from propagating, causing them to be reflected and giving the colour that you see. Im actuallydoing some research on silver nanoparticles at the moment, and we can change this colour from yellow to almost anything that we want. For a yellow colour we see a plasmon resonance peak ca. 420nm but based on the size and shape of the silver nanoparticles we can tune the plasmon resonance peak. Mie theory can be used to calcuate the extinction co-efficents. The reason why this is also called the surface plasmon is that the light waves will not penetrate more than 50nm so the interactions at the surface are the most important.
What is the most effective colloidal silver generator on the market?
All colloidal silver generators are basically effective. The question should not be which generator is most effective, but instead, which generator allows you to create the most effective colloidal silver solution. Keep in mind this simple fact: the larger the silver particles produced by the generator, the less absorbable they are into the cells and tissues of the human body where tiny disease-causing "stealth pathogens" like to colonize. Conversely, the smaller the silver particles produced by the generator, the more absorbable they are into the cells and tissues of the human body. In a nutshell, the human body is able to absorb, utilize and afterwards excrete smaller silver particles, whereas larger silver particles are far more difficult for the body to absorb, utilize and excrete. Larger particles are simple not very absorbable. They basically go in one end, and out the other, as if you were eating dirt. Therefore, the #1 thing to look for in a high-quality colloidal silver generator is one that produces the smallest silver particles possible, so the body can absorb and utilize them effectively and with the widest range of distribution, and then excete them easily afterwards. The vast majority of colloidal silver generators on the market today produce silver particles in the range of 20 microns or higher (many up to 200 or 300 microns). While those may work well for simple infections such as stomach ailments in which absorption is not as critical, they are basically useless for more serious, deep-seated infections in the tissues and cells of the human body. Much smaller silver particles are needed if you are looking to get at deep-seated infections that reach into the tissues and cells of the human body. At www.thesilveredge.com you can see a Transmission Electron Microscope photo of tiny, sub-microscopic silver particles produced by what is called a Micro-Particle Colloidal Silver Generator. These particles are less than a single nanometer in size. In other words, they are sub-nanometer sized particles -- so small, it takes a Transmission Electron Microscope operating at 175,000x magnification just to see these tiny particles. When you have silver particles that small, you have the most highly-absorbable, fully bio-available silver that can be made by a colloidal silver generator. The story of how they were invented, which is found on the home page, will help answer your question in much more depth.
What happens to the silver particles as the melted silver cools down?
No
Why does a glass beaker of solution of silver nitrate develop black turbidity?
The energy from normal light can cause the silver cations in silver nitrate solution to be reduced to silver metal, which has a turbid black appearance and a low sedimentation rate because of the small size of the metallic particles.
What environmental concerns are there about silver?
Concerns have been raised, however, over the use and marketing of washing machines using the silver nano technology. The German branch of Friends of the Earth, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND), has warned consumers not to buy a new type of washing machine that uses silver nanoparticles. BUND criticized the product, noting that considerable amounts of silver could enter sewage plants and seriously trouble the biological purification process of waste water. In addition, silver nanoparticles were claimed to have a toxic effect on different kinds of living cells.[7][8] Samsung countered that only an accumulated amount of 0.05 grams of silver is released per machine, per year, while the released silver-ions quickly bind to non-nano-sized structures in the water.[9] Korea Times quotes Hwang Ee-taek, a co-author of the paper stating that firms like Samsung and LG Electronics started from the idea that silver-nanoparticles kill bacteria and they actually do. But scientists are still unsure of whether they are safe for humans. This field of research is still at a very rudimentary stage.[10] However in another news, Hong Kong University researchers believe that silver nano may hold a solution to one of China's worst health concerns, the spread of hepatitis B, which can cause liver cancer and liver failure. The silver nano-particles have another advantage since it is unlikely that HBV can become resistant to silver nano-particles because the interaction is determined by the physicochemical properties of the tiny particles. The study is still in the laboratory stage and any findings it may generate are still three to five years away from clinic use. Concerns have been raised, however, over the use and marketing of washing machines using the silver nano technology. The German branch of Friends of the Earth, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND), has warned consumers not to buy a new type of washing machine that uses silver nanoparticles. BUND criticized the product, noting that considerable amounts of silver could enter sewage plants and seriously trouble the biological purification process of waste water. In addition, silver nanoparticles were claimed to have a toxic effect on different kinds of living cells.[7][8] Samsung countered that only an accumulated amount of 0.05 grams of silver is released per machine, per year, while the released silver-ions quickly bind to non-nano-sized structures in the water.[9] Korea Timesquotes Hwang Ee-taek, a co-author of the paper stating that firms like Samsung and LG Electronics started from the idea that silver-nanoparticles kill bacteria and they actually do. But scientists are still unsure of whether they are safe for humans. This field of research is still at a very rudimentary stage.[10] However in another news, Hong Kong University researchers believe that silver nano may hold a solution to one of China's worst health concerns, the spread of hepatitis B, which can cause liver cancer and liver failure. The silver nano-particles have another advantage since it is unlikely that HBV can become resistant to silver nano-particles because the interaction is determined by the physicochemical properties of the tiny particles. The study is still in the laboratory stage and any findings it may generate are still three to five years away from clinic use.
What is metal in water?
If you are referring to any metal particles suspended in water I believe the term you are looking for is Colloidal. For example.... Colloidal Silver is silver particles suspended in water.
What is silver made up of?
Pure silver is made up of the element silver. Any further down and you are talking about the particles that make up atoms-- protons, electrons, neutrons and related sub-atomic particles. All of these particles are exactly the same no matter what kind of atom they are part of.
