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Congenital (or 'at birth') heart defects are the most common of all birth defects. They affect the shape of the heart, how it operates, or both. Roughly 40,000 babies each year are born with a heart defect, and roughly 4,800 of those babies are born with critical congenital Heart disease (CCHD), which can be deadly if not treated within the first few hours or days of life. Most heart defects can be treated very easily.

Now, why does this happen? Well, it can relate to a problem with Mom. If Mom has Diabetes, lupus, phenylketonuria (PKU), is obese, or has rubella in the first few months of pregnancy it can cause heart defects in the baby.

Also, changes in the baby's genes or chromosomes can cause defects. The most common are Down syndrome, noonan syndrome, turner syndrome, and alagille syndrome.

The problem isn't always with Mom or the baby, though. The problem can be an environment-related issue. Drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy can lead to defects in the child. Also, certain medicines have been known to cause defects; it would be wise to talk to your provider about the effects of certain medicines during pregnancy.

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