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Because in some covalent bonds, the electrons forming the bond are equally as likely to be near one of the bonded nuclei as the other, while in some covalent bonds the electrons forming the bond are more likely to be one of the bonded nuclei than the other. The first instance is most purely illustrated in diatomic molecules of elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens in which the two bonded atoms have exactly equal electronegativity values, while the second occurs when the bonded atoms have very different electronegativities, as in hydrogen halides.

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Q: Why are some covalent bonds polar and others nonpolar?
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