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During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes attaching to the spindle?
Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle during the metaphase of mitosis. Part of the answer depends on how you define the stages of mitosis and not everybody does this the same way. The short answer is all of them.
Does the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphaseII help create unique gametes?
Yes, the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphase II helps create unique gametes. This process, known as independent assortment, results in different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in each gamete, increasing genetic diversity.
What factors contribute to genetic diversity?
The way the chromosomes line up during meiosis.
How do number of chromosome affects the genes and DNA?
Not at a fundamental level, chromosomes are just the way that genes are clumped together. But on a practical level, chromosomes are what the cells manipulate during growth and (especially) during reproduction.
Why does DNA have to be folded in chromosomes?
To be more organized, to save space. Because DNA is so long, the cell compacts them using histones to form nucleosomes, which are again compacted to form the chromosomes. This way, the cell can save more space while it is undergoing mitosis or meiosis.
How long does the lining up of chromosomes during metaphase 1 of meiosis differ from the way they line up during metaphase of mitosis?
3 weeks
When do chromosomes line up at the equator of a cell?
Chromosomes line up with their centromeres on the equator during metaphase of any eukaryotic cell division: mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.During metaphase the arms of the chromosomes are spread out, but it will be the centromeres that lead the way towards the poles during anaphase. This is because in metaphase some spindle fibers, which are formed by the cytoskeleton, attach to the centromeres. It is the contraction of these fibers that pulls the chromosomes (daughter-chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis II) towards the poles in anaphase.There is an important checkpoint during metaphase. If the spindle fibers are not correctly attached, division should stop. However, a few mistakes slip through the net, and sometimes both daughter-chromosomes of a pair (in other words, a pair of former sister-chromatids) move to the same pole. This phenomenon is called non-disjunction, and leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in both daughter-nuclei.
During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes attaching to the spindle?
Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle during the metaphase of mitosis. Part of the answer depends on how you define the stages of mitosis and not everybody does this the same way. The short answer is all of them.
Why do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during metaphase?
It is important that chromosomes move during mitosis because the chromosomes' sister chromatids need to separate. They must separate to become daughter cell-carrying chromosomes themselves.
Does the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphaseII help create unique gametes?
Yes, the random sorting of chromosomes during anaphase II helps create unique gametes. This process, known as independent assortment, results in different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in each gamete, increasing genetic diversity.
What are the four phases of mitosis.?
The events of mitosis, or the stages, are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. A way to remember the order of the stages is "PMAT."In prophase, the cell multiplies its genetic materials. In metaphase they line evenly across the center of the cell to prepare to split. In anaphase, the cell begins to separate and the genetic material moves toward the poles. The last stage, telophase, is when the cell has successfully split into two genetically identical cells. This happens in plant cells.The first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, can take as much as 50-60% of the total time required to complete mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. The Centrioles, two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.The Centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome that helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. During prophase, the condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle at a point near the Centromere of each Chromatid. Interestingly, plant cells do not have centrosomes, but still organize their mitotic spindles from centrosomes.Near the end of the prophase, the chromosomes coil more tightly. In addition, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.Prophase: Chromosomes condense, centrioles form, Metaphase chromosomes lineup at the metaphase plate (midline), anaphase chromatids separate and are pulled at centrioles by kinetochores, and teleophase: nucleus reforms, and cytokinesis the cells bud from each other.....
What factors contribute to genetic diversity?
The way the chromosomes line up during meiosis.
How do number of chromosome affects the genes and DNA?
Not at a fundamental level, chromosomes are just the way that genes are clumped together. But on a practical level, chromosomes are what the cells manipulate during growth and (especially) during reproduction.
Independent assortment in sexual reproduction?
Independent assortment happens at random when alleles are taken from different homlogous chromosomes or when the same pair of chroosomes are far apart during meiosis; this results in diversity in genetic combinations.
Why are chromosomes organized into groups?
elements with the same number of valence electrons fall in the same group
What happens to the chromosomes near the end of the process of mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division in which the chromosomes condense and the spindle is assembled. In each phase the chromosomes do different things: prophase: during this first phase of mitosis, the parent chromosomes become compacted and the spindle begins to form creating an X-shape when looked at through a microscope; prometaphase: the nuclear membrane becomes many small vesicles during this phase. The spindle microtubules reach out until they connect the chromosomes to their kinetochore and then a sort of "tug-of-war" happens while the chromosomes bounce between the two poles; metaphase: the chromosomes align along the equator of the cell as they become connected to the spindle poles; anaphase: the chromosomes work their way into becoming individual/independent chromosomes as they begin to find their place near the poles; and telophase: the chromosomes find their poles, the spindle disbands, and each chromosome gets its new nuclear membrane.
What occurs during nondisjunction?
If nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of chromosomes may find their way into gametes, and a disorder of chromosome numbers may result.
