Because with the 2nd ionisation of K, you are trying to take an electron from a fully filled orbital (octet rule) whereas with calcium it is getting down to a fully filled orbital
The second ionisation energy is held much tightly, hence it is on an inner shell nearer to its nucleus.
This element is potassium with 3052 kJ/mol.
As an example potassium has a lower first ionization energy than aluminum (Al).
Potassium
No, an atom's successive ionization energies do not increase regularly. The first ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron, is typically lower than the second ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove the second electron. The ionization energies generally increase as more and more electrons are removed from an atom. However, there can be irregularities due to factors such as electron-electron repulsion and electron shielding.
Ionization energy generally increases across a period as a result of a higher nuclear charge, however there are some exceptions such as Boron which has a lower ionization energy than Beryllium (because it is in a P orbital), and Oxygen which has a lower ionization energy than nitrogen (Because ionization decreases the electron electron repulsion in its orbitals).
It takes more energy to knock off two electrons
No. Calcium has TWO valence electrons, and Sodium has ONE. It is lot easier to take off one, than two you see. However, the second ionization energy of calcium IS however than the second ionization energy of Sodium. ;)
As an example potassium has a lower first ionization energy than aluminum (Al).
As an example potassium has a lower first ionization energy than aluminum (Al).
The first level ionization energy oif aluminium is 577,5 kJ/mol.All alkali metals have lower values for the ionization energy.
Potassium
no sulfur is practically a gas
No, an atom's successive ionization energies do not increase regularly. The first ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove the outermost electron, is typically lower than the second ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove the second electron. The ionization energies generally increase as more and more electrons are removed from an atom. However, there can be irregularities due to factors such as electron-electron repulsion and electron shielding.
Na, sodium
Ionization energy generally increases across a period as a result of a higher nuclear charge, however there are some exceptions such as Boron which has a lower ionization energy than Beryllium (because it is in a P orbital), and Oxygen which has a lower ionization energy than nitrogen (Because ionization decreases the electron electron repulsion in its orbitals).
It takes more energy to knock off two electrons
First ionization energy is the energy required to remove the first outermost electron from an atom. The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the next available electron, and is greater than the first IE. The third IE is that energy needed to remove the third electron, and is greater the the second IE.
It all has to due with ionization energy. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom to make it an ion. Cesium has a lower ionization energy than Lithium, so it is easier to remove electrons, and thus lose electrons, from a Cesium atom than a Lithium atom.