"to promote the advancement of science and the useful arts."
Copyright Act, 1957, and Copyright Rules, 1958, as amended.
The original "Allie Finkle's Rules for Girls" was a short story published in 2006. Each of the succeeding novels has its own copyright information.
Using NFL or team logos requires a license; this is an issue of trademark, rather than copyright.
A musical riff would be automatically protected by copyright as soon as it is fixed in a tangible medium (i.e., notated or recorded).
2008 Wimpy Kid, Inc.
You may only use materials that are your own original work, in the public domain, or for which you have a license from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law.
According to Jagex ( The creators of Runescape ) they are not, they violate copyright rules.
A license is only required for public showings.
It depends what your actions were that violated the law, but the most common punishment is in fees.
Only copy, alter, distribute, or perform/display things that are entirely your own original work, are in the public domain, or for which you have permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law.
Copyright laws are complex. What many don't know is most original works are automatically copyrighted at time of creation. Search copyright for laws & submisssion rules. If needed, you submit to their office for a copyright & they provide formats for whatever material & instructions.
Works of sufficient originality are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed in a tangible medium. If formal registration is available in your country, that particular copyright office will have its own rules on whether works can be grouped together or have to be registered individually.