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The key to understanding credit modeling and why it exists at all is to remember that it us currently, and has always been a private enterprise. Its mainstream genesis lies primarily with the birth of the FICO scoring model in the 1950s. Engineer Bill Fair and mathematician Earl Isaac founded Fair, Issac & Company (FICO) in 1956 with the idea that they could use a mathematical model to generate a numerical "score" that would accurately predict the credit risk a person represented based on their past behavior. They could then sell this score to companies looking for ways to gauge creditworthiness of borrowers, clients, or even employees. The "FICO score" debuted in 1958.

Many companies have since created their own models that generate scores differently than FICO and may sell this score much like FICO does. Some of these companies claim to have improved some aspect of the algorithm or process, while others have designed scoring to focus on a particular aspect of credit. An example might be a scoring model that focuses more on credit card usage and less on mortgage and auto financing that might be of interest to a credit card company in assessing creditworthiness. Additionally, many lenders use an internally created scoring method or a specialized scoring product provided by an outside company.

While each of the 3 credit reporting agencies and countless other private companies may offer their own scoring model, for general purposes the gold standard is still the FICO score. This score remains the commonly used method of gauging creditworthiness for the majority of lenders, insurance companies and employers.

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Q: Why are there different credit rating models?
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