Octet Rule: In order for atoms to become more stable, they will take electrons, lose electrons, or share electrons so that their outer shell/level will contain eight electrons and be complete.
maximum 60 octets minimum 20 octets
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Octets do.
No, the octet rule is a guideline, but there are exceptions for certain molecules and ions where atoms may have more or fewer than eight electrons in their valence shell. These exceptions typically involve elements from period 3 and below and can include expanded octets, odd-electron species, and species with incomplete octets.
Elements in the third row of the periodic table or lower can have octets in their outermost electron shell due to the availability of d orbitals for bonding. This allows them to exceed the usual octet rule of 8 electrons in their valence shell. Examples include elements like sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine.
120
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2
Leading two octets of message digest: L, To enable the recipient to determine if the correct public key (k(A) e ) was used to decrypt the message digest for authentication, by comparing this plaintext copy of the first two octets with the first two octets of the decrypted digest. These octets also serve as a 16-bit frame-check sequence for the message, for authentication and error detection.
In the Telecommunications book on Page 180. The answer is Yes it does have a fixed-length frame of 53 octets.
120 octets
IPv4 addresses have 4 octets, each octet separated by a period. For example, at this time, one of Yahoo's servers has an ip address of 67.195.160.76.