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When invoking a constructor from subclass its super class's no-arg constructor is always invoked?
Implicitly: (i.e., you do not code for it, but works as if you did)calling the no-argument constructor of the subclass, and there is no explicitly "redirect" codes.Explicitly:a constructor with base() / super() in the implementation, even that invoked constructor required some arguments.C# example: public SubClass(string whatever) : base() {//...}
When a subclass can call a parent's class constructor?
A subclass invokes its base class constructor at the point of instantiation. That is; you cannot instantiate a subclass object without first constructing its base class, which is done automatically.
Why super constructor should be first statement in subclass constructor in java?
Because, the parent class also needs to be initialized when you create an object in the inheritance hierarchy.
In what order are the class constructors called when a derived class object is created?
We know that constructors are invoked at runtime when you say new on some class type as follows: Lamborghini h = new Lamborghini(); But what really happens when you say new Lamborghini() ? (Assume Lamborghini extends Car and Car extends Object.) 1. Lamborghini constructor is invoked. Every constructor invokes the constructor of its superclass with an (implicit) call to super(), 2. Car constructor is invoked (Car is the superclass of Lamborghini). 3. Object constructor is invoked (Object is the ultimate superclass of all classes, so class Car extends Object even though you don't actually type "extends Object" into the Car class declaration. It's implicit.) At this point we're on the top of the hierarchy. 4. Object instance variables are given their explicit values. By explicit values, we mean values that are assigned at the time the variables are declared, like "int x = 27", where "27" is the explicit value (as opposed to the default value) of the instance variable. 5. Object constructor completes. 6. Car instance variables are given their explicit values (if any). 7. Car constructor completes. 8. Lamborghini instance variables are given their explicit values (if any). 9. Lamborghini constructor completes.
How is a constructor in the super class called?
By using the reference super(); When you invoke super(); the JVM knows that you are trying to invoke the constructor from the parent class and calls the super class constructor automatically. In fact, the invocation to super(); is usually the first line of any class constructor. This is done to ensure that all the parent class objects are initialized before the current child class is created.
Difference between method and constructor in java?
A constructor is technically a type of method, but it is a very special type. Whereas other methods can be used to do just about anything, the only purpose of a constructor method is to create an instance of the class that contains it, often with parameters passed to it through another part of the program. This instance is called an "object" and is a central part of not only Java, but other object-oriented languages as well. A constructor method always has the same name as its containing class, and does not have a return type. Think of it this way: a class in Java is like a generic blueprint for a house. Your instance variables are like different attributes of the house - how many bathrooms will your house have, what colour will it be? Once you decide on the exact specifications for your house, you can give those parameters to the construction company, which will actually create that house. That's what a constructor method does - takes input parameters (or, lacking them, sets defaults) and creates an object.
What is the technical name for calling a base class constructor using derived class constructor?
You cannot actually call any constructor, you can only invoke construction, either by instantiating a static instance of a class or by dynamically creating one with the new operator. In the case of base class construction via a derived class, the base class constructor is invoked by the derived class' initialisation list. Every class constructor has an initialisation list whether you define one or not (the compiler will generate one automatically if you don't). When you derive one class from another, the derived class initialisation list invokes a call to the base class default constructor. The only exception is the compiler-generated copy constructor which automatically calls the base class copy constructor. If you define your own initialisation list, then you can explicitly invoke any base class constructor overload, thus making your construction code all the more efficient. However, copy constructors should always invoke the base class copy constructor, so if you define a copy constructor, you must explicitly invoke the base class copy constructor -- the compiler will not invoke it implicitly from a user-defined copy constructor. While many programmer's use the constructor's body to initialise a class, this is highly inefficient. Even if you don't specify an initialisation list, one is created for you, resulting in every base class and every member variable being initialised twice, which can quickly add up to a substantial cost in performance. The constructor's body should only really be used for initialisation when it would be difficult or impossible to do so from the initialisation list. Remember that your object doesn't physically exist until initialisation is complete, so you may not have access to some members, particularly base class members, at certain points in the initialisation process. Initialisation must be done from the ground up, starting with the base classes and ending with the actual class members, and all in the order they were declared. Note that only direct base classes (or virtual base classes) should be invoked from the initialisation list. The base classes themselves should invoke their own base class constructors, if they have any. Thus no matter which derivative you construct, the least-derived class is always constructed first.
How does constructor work?
First line in any constructor has to be either super() or this() not both. If any constructor does not contain either of super() and this(), compiler adds super(). When any constructor is called before excuting the code of the constructor, if it founds this(), it will call another constructor else it will call super() which is the call for the constructor of super class, now again from the super class constructor it will call the super class constructor if available. This is continued until it reaches the top of the class hierarchy. ---- Basically, a constructor is a block of code that gets executed each time a particular instance of a class is created. So, say you've designed a class for working with a database of some sort. When you create an instance of that class, copies of all the variables and functions of that class get attached to the instance-object, and if one of the functions is a constructor function, it will be run as soon as the instance-object is created. This lets you automatically set up conditions for the instance (i.e. establishing connections to different databases or reading data from different tables, or etc.). Depending on the language you're using, classes may or may not automatically call the constructor function of a parent or super class (if such exists, and if you do not provide a constructor for the class in question).
What is the purpose of constructor in object oriented programming?
A constructor in a class is one of the first pieces of code to be executed when you instantiate a class. The purpose of constructors is to have code that initialize the class and prepare the variables that may be required by the class...
What is the method of constructor overloading?
The first thing to note about constructor overloading is that Java creates a no argument constructor for you if and only if you have not typed a constructor yourself. Every class has a constructor even abstract ones (default no argument constructor). Abstract constructors are always executed. To overload a constructor you can do the following: class Test { String name; Test(String n) { name = n; System.out.println("Constructing Test Object named: " + name); } } In the case above we are overloading the default no argument constructor with a constructor that takes a String parameter. You can write you own no argument constructor as follows: class Test { Test() { System.out.println("Constructing Test Object"); } } To override our own no argument constructor we do this: class Test { Test() { // our no argument constructor System.out.println("Constructing Test Object"); } String name; Test(String n) { // overloading our no argument constructor with this // constructor that take a String parameter name = n; System.out.println("Constructing Test Object named: " + name); } }
How do you call constructor?
Constructors in java cannot be invoked explicitly. They are invoked automatically when an object is created. In java if u dont write any code for constructor, by default compiler inserts a zero argument constructor. If required, it can be overrided.
What is use of constructor in object oriented programming?
A constructor creates an Object of the class that it is in by initializing all the instance variables and creating a place in memory to hold the Object. It is always used with the keyword new and then the Class name. For instance, new String(); constructs a new String object. Sometimes in a few classes you may have to initialize a few of the variables to values apart from their predefined data type specific values. If java initializes variables it would default them to their variable type specific values. For example you may want to initialize an integer variable to 10 or 20 based on a certain condition, when your class is created. In such a case you cannot hard code the value during variable declaration. such kind of code can be placed inside the constructor so that the initialization would happen when the class is instantiated.
