Alternator is defective.
It should decrease
12v
The alternator may not be able to keep up to the voltage requirement of the vehicle check voltage output of alternator w/mechanical gauge
That a short to ground exists in the circuit.
For lead-acid chemistry, as in a car battery, think 13.6 volts DC.
The battery is used by the meter to apply a voltage across the resistance being measured and determine the current which determines the resistance. If there is no battery it can't supply the voltage and can't measure current, so no reading.
With the battery fully charged (12.68 Volts) and a volt meter connected to the positive and negative battery posts, run engine at idle with no accessories on, voltage reading should be aprox 14.2.
That a short to ground exists in the circuit.
That will depend on a few things. The current output of the battery will depend on the operating voltage of the battery and the load resistance. If you know the load resistance and operating voltage, you can calculate the current using Ohm's Law. The Ohm's Law equation is I=V/R where "I" represents current in Amps, "V" represents voltage in volts and "R" represents resistance in ohms.For a standard C battery, the operating voltage will start out at approximately 1.5 Volts but that voltage will decrease as charge is drained from the battery. The load resistance should remain constant so the current output of the battery will steadily decrease over time. You could use a multimeter to measure the voltage and load resistance across the terminals of the battery.See the related link for a Duracell C battery datasheet for more details on how a battery would operate under standard usage conditions.
All cells drop in voltage as they lose their charge. Often old cells do not attain full voltage even at their maximum charge. It's just the way the chemistry works. Electronic systems that require constant voltage have regulation circuits that step the voltage up to the necessary level and keep it constant, even though the battery voltage may be dropping.
battery produces voltage by
May be the voltage regulator is defective, bad connection somewhere, alternator with a defective part which impair to fully charge the battery. decrease of the battery solution, short-circuit somewhere.