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Despite the name "Pencil Lead", pencils actually have no real lead in them. They are a graphite/clay that has a slightly shiny slate gray look that resembles lead.

Take your pencil, sharpened on both ends, or at least having access to the lead and the wood on both ends (and not being cracked in the middle).

Set your multimeter to Ohms (it doesn't really matter what level, somewhere in the middle). It should read 0 when the probes are separate, and 0 when they touch.

Now, touch the wood on both ends, and does it conduct?
Touch the lead on on one end and wood on the other end. Does it conduct?
Touch the lead on both ends. Does it conduct?

Wood is mainly long chain carbon-hydrogen chains and carbohydrate chains, etc. Mainly desaturated (single bonds). And, it turns out to be a relatively non conductive.

Graphite, on the other hand, has what is called delocalized bonds from the basic unit which is like benzine with essentially 1 1/2 bonds all the way around it.

See Wikipedia Articles:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalized_electron
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

The basic unit of graphite is the benzine ring with delocalized electrons.


Graphite is a mesh of benzine rings, without the hydrogen atoms, but delocalized electrons and essentially 1 1/2 bonds throughout.


These delocalized electrons actually make graphite act very much like a metal and makes it an excellent electrical conductor.

See Wikipedia Article on Metallic Bonds:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bond

Images are from Wikipedia from pages referenced above, and are part of the Public Domain. Line drawing of delocalized graphite was created by the first editor of this article, and is hereby released into the public domain.

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Q: Why can a pencil sharpened at both ends be used as a conductor in laboratories?
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Can a pencil sharpened at both ends be used as a conductor?

Yes, but it will have high resistance so it would be better called a resistor than a conductor.


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