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When programs' application data and interrupt service routines are being executed they are held in a computer's main memory. The largest component of main memory is RAM.
# Main memory is the short term memory of a computer. It retains data only for the period that a program is running, and that's it.
The term 'random access' is used because this kind of memory cn be accessed directly (in any order) if a cell's address is given. Only data stored in RAM can be manipulated,thereforeevery program that needs to be executed must be place in the main memory. The amount of main memory is crucial because it determines how many programs can be executed at the same time. The larger the amount of RAM the better the computer response.
The OS is installed on the HD, just like any other program. The bootstrap process loads the OS from HD to main memory, where it is executed.
The operator system is software- a program that controls the computer. It is usually stored on the hard drive when the computer is not running and is read into a special portion of main memory when the computer is booted up. (There is a boot strap program stored on a chip that loads the O. S. into memory. ) Some of the routines needed by the operating system are not kept in the main memory but are read in only as they are needed.
Computer memory
Of course, a program be executed repeatedly.
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.
All programs and data are executed from memory (RAM) but it first needs to be fetched from wherever it is stored.If there is insufficient free memory, then some memory must be freed up by writing t to disk in the paging file. You can minimize the chances of this happening by maximizing the amount of memory in the PC. . The second impact is memory speed, especially the speed at which data can be transferred between RAM and the CPU. Data is actually transferred to cache memory on the CPU chip from main memory before it is executed,and then results are written back to main memory. The speed of this data transfer is affected by the design of the system, and the speed and quality of RAM installed, and by the setup of RAM timing in BIOS.
In computer terminology, "running a program" means copying a sequence of instructions from storage into main memory and initiating the execution or interpretation of those instructions.
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.