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To test an a.c. underground cable's insulation, that insulation needs to be tested at a voltage higher than its rated voltage, continuously (a.c. varies, so is unsuitable), for a specified period of time, and with the resulting current being monitored throughout the test.

The test voltage/duration applied will be laid down according to the standards of the authority responsible for the electricity distribution system (derived from the cable manufacturers). Typically, an 11-kV underground cable is tested a 17 kV (d.c.) between lines, and at 10 kV (d.c.) line to earth. The duration of the test is typically 5 min.

Initially, the current will include the cable's charging current (the cable behaves as a capacitor), but then settles down to the leakage current -typically about 0.2 mA (if attached equipment is not taken into account).

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