Why did Albert Einstein use playing dice as an analogy for quantum mechanics?

Answer 1

Clasical mechanics states that, IN THEORY, one can predict the outcome of an event (like the roll of two dice) if you had enough information before hand. Quantum mechanics states that you can only predict the PROBABILITY of an event, no matter how much information you gather. And it is NOT a matter that we are not clever enough to devise an experiment to get a result, or that the object "knows" the answer but that we can't figure it out -- it is that the result is inherently unknowable.

Decades of experiments have shown that QM is the correct way to predict results -- that they are only probabilities is frustrating, but the fact remains is that it works but classical mechanics does not.

Einstein knew that QM gave proper predictions, but was troubled by the idea that our Universe operated under purely probabilistic laws. He felt that there HAD to be a more basic law, underlying the observed probabilistic results. In a 1926 letter to Max Born, Einstein said, "Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of 'the old one.' I, at any rate, am convinced that He does not throw dice."

Answer 2

Quantum mechanics is best explain by the law of probability and its mathematics; as these applies to minute particles such as the atoms and its subpaticles throwing a dice implies the law of chance. To better explain, Q.M. is very conterintuitive nature could not be explain by our normal daily experiences, one of the major parameter in physics was the measurement problem to give sense to a data you have to measure it in some degree of precision if not close to accuracy in Q.M. you could not measure the position and velocity of a particle simultaneously I.e. try measuring the velocity more accurately you got erroneous posision data and vice versa. Finally like throwing a dice in which the degree of certainty depends on its nth possible combination nature ( a particle) could be predicted statistically.