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The finches were different species that shared a common ancestor
a common ancestor
It is thought that the finches have a common ancestor. Separated on different islands, each island eventually produced different finches.
That the finches were similar to the ones on the mainland, but had adapted to the island environment.
originated from a common ancestor
adaptive radiation
he saw that in the different places and things the finches ate made their beak a different size and shape to adapt to their surroundings
The Galápagos Islands had finches that once shared a common ancestry. Darwin found that finches on one island had, over many generations, developed and adapted in differing ways to finches from other islands.
Basically, the variation in beak size that indicated the birds radiating out from a common ancestor to finding many niches for food acquisition.
It radiated adaptively into many new species. This is common when a species encounters diverse niches of Island groups. See Darwin's finches.
Geographic isolation of a common ancestral species of finches
Charles Darwin