I think travel by sea was probably quicker and safer than travel by land and probably larger amounts of goods could be carried home than by land.
why did they have to find a new route? 2 words
He went westbound in search of a safe and quicker route to Asia.Cathay (China, according to PLATO)
In the 1400s, several European countries sent explorers in search of a sea route to Asia, primarily motivated by trade and the desire for spices. Portugal was at the forefront, with figures like Prince Henry the Navigator and explorers such as Vasco da Gama leading expeditions along the African coast and eventually to India. Spain also joined the quest, notably with Christopher Columbus, who sought a westward route to Asia. Other nations, like England and France, would later become involved in exploration efforts as well.
Vasco da Gama. He'd discovered the sea route to India.
Although motivated by the search for gold, spices, and slaves, the Portuguese initially were in search of a sea route to India.
Portugal
At first they were looking for better trade routes to India and the far east to decrease the cost and risk of shipment of spices, tea, silk and other items only available from there. After realizing that it was not an alternate route, the new world was seen as a source of Natural Resources and as unclaimed lands available for colonization to expand their countries.
Almost every country in Europe tried to find a way to Asia, the two most predominate ones were Spain and Portugal.
When the crusaders were exposed to different kinds of spices during the holy wars, they brought them back to Europe. Europeans were used to home grown plain food but with the introduction to spices, it completely changed their diet and left them yearning for more. Spices were expensive and they became a sign of wealth and the need for more spices arose which led to people like Columbus discovering America in search for a shorter route to the Indies in search of spices.
The Europeans searched for a direct route to the far east because they wanted spices and ingredients which were very abundant in the east. This spices and ingredients were very essential to them for the added flavor in their food, for preservatives and even for the use of medicine. :D
Discovered the west indies.
European countries wanted to find a shorter route to the Far East to reduce the time and cost of trade with Asian markets for valuable goods such as spices, silk, and porcelain. The existing routes through land and sea were long and dangerous, prompting explorers to seek more efficient alternatives to gain a competitive advantage in the lucrative trade.