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The campaign of 1800 was particularly divisive. The Federalists under Adams had passed a law known as the sedition act which made it a crime to defame the government, so the opposition party, the Republicans, had to be very careful about what they said against the Adams administration. There was no law against defaming private organizations so the Federalist made all kinds of evil statements against Jefferson, the Republican candidate.

Besides the low level of the campaign, there were real differences in political philosophy between Adams and Jefferson. Adams was for a strong central government and among other things believed the government had a right to shut down free speech made against it. Jefferson favored states rights and believed the powers of the federal government should be more limited and that the sedition act was unconstitutional.

Jefferson won the election and realizing the hard feelings generated by the campaign saw the need to promote unity and tolerance and try to dispel fears of Federalists that he wanted to split up the union of the states.

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Q: Why did Jefferson urge unity and tolerance in his inaugural address?
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