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When Major General Franz Siegel had been defeated by Confederate General Breckininridge and Colonel Mosby in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant had no choice but to replace him. On May 19, 1864, Grant appointed Major General David Hunter to head the Army of the Shenandoah. Hunter was a Virginian, who had been a solid Unionist. It appeared that Grant had found the right general to insure the Union's integrity in the vital Shenandoah Valley.

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Q: Why did Lieutenant General Grant replace Major General Franz Siegel in May of 1864?
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What ended the Shenandoah campaign of Union General Franz Siegel in 1864?

Union General Franz Siegel's advance into the Shenandoah Valley was cut short by Confederate General John C. Breckinridge. Breckinridge's army of 5,000 troops defeated Siegal's army at New Market, forcing a Union retreat.


What Confederate general opposed the efforts of Union Major General Franz Siegel in the Shenandoah Valley in 1864?

In 1864, Lieutenant General US Grant had tasked Major General Franz Siegel with ending any threats the Revels could mount against Washington DC but to also shut down the lines of supply from the Valley that were going to Lee's army. The Confederates were forced to respond to this and sent a better qualified Major General John Breckinridge to stop Siegel. Breckinridge was once a US vice president. He had also been a corps commander under Braxton Bragg. The Rebel general was short on troops, but had the luck of being supported by cavalry officers who knew the Valley like the back of their hands. This included Colonel John Mosby who was an actual native of the Valley. Siegel's supply train had been captured in early May. This was a major distraction for Siegel who failed to link up with Union General Crook, as was the plan. At the Battle of New Market, the Federals under Siegel were defeated.


What made Union Major General Franz Siegel not the best choice for General Grant's operations in Virginia?

Although General Franz Siegel was once a German army officer, he gained his appointment as a US Civil War general for political reasons. President Lincoln had to make many political appointments that served in the Union army. He gained praise early in the war by his recruiting efforts in Missouri. As General Grant would soon see, Siegel was not up to the tasks Grant expected in the battle intensive state of Virginia.


How did Lieutenant General US Grant plan to prevent a Confederate threat on Washington DC in the Spring of 1864?

With Lieutenant General US Grant using his Overland campaign against the forces of General Lee, Grant wanted to insure the safety of Washington DC. Grant's plan was to have Major General Franz Siegel to join forces with Brigadier General George Crook who was advancing from West Virginia. Together, there would be 15,000 troops. Grant believed that these combined infantry forces plus a large cavalry force was enough to discourage Confederates in the Shenandoah Valley from menacing Washington DC.


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What general did General in Chief US Grant place in charge of advancing into the Shenandoah Valley in 1864?

In the Summer of 1864, General in Chief US Grant chose General Franz Siegel to advance into the rich farmlands of the Shenandoah Valley. For most of the war, the Shenandoah had been the supplier of goods to Confederate armies in Virginia. Grant hoped to hamper the Army of Northern Virginia by taking control of this valuable food supply base for the Confederacy.


How did politics and personalities effect the Army of Virginia in 1862?

Union General John Pope had to also deal with politics and personalities as he tried to organize his Army of Virginia. General Franz Siegel was known to be battle shy. General Nathaniel Banks was a political appointee and not a true military general. In addition, Pope's General McDowell was not respected by his own troops. On top of that was the poisoned attitude of the commanders of the Army of the Potomac. As best as he could, he influenced the troops he was losing to Pope to have them believe he was incompetent and a radical abolitionist.


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