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Why did the medieval German kingdom call itself the Holy Roman Empire?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Firstly, Otto was both a duke and a king. By the time Otto was seven, his father, Henry the Fowler, the Duke of Saxony, became the king of Germany. Otto succeeded him as both duke of Saxony and king of Germany in 936. He became Roman Emperor in 962. Secondly, his Empire was called Roman Empire, not Holy Roman Empire. The term Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation first appeared in a document of 1474 and became the official name of the empire by decree in 1512. However, the term holy in connection with this empire begun to be truly used in 1157, during the reign of Frederick Barbarossa. The actual form Holy Roman Empire" is attested from 1254 onward.
The coronation of Otto I, the king of Germany as Roman Emperor in 926 was modelled on the coronation of Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, as Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800 after this king rescued the pope from an insurrection in Rome. In 960 Pope John XII asked Otto for help when Berengar, the king of Italy, invaded the Papal States. Otto marched on Italy. In 961 Berengar was deserted by his troops. 0Otto took Pavia, the capital of the kingdom of Italy, declared Berengar deposed and himself as the new king of Italy. He then went to Rome, where John crowned him Roman Emperor. John and the rest of the Roman nobility also swore allegiance to Otto and not to give help to Berengar II or his son Adalbert. Eleven days later the pope and the new emperor signed a document (Diploma Ottonianum), which confirmed the Donation of Pippin of 754 which granted control of the Papal States and made the emperor the guarantor of the independence of the Papal States. Thus, the title was a mark of the alliance between Otto and the papacy and a reflection of the fact that Germany and Italy had been brought together under one ruler as in the days of the Carolingian Empire (the empire established by Charlemagne).
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoIt was a gradual evolution. The term sacrum (holy) first appeared in 1157, under Frederick I Barbarossa. It was added to reflect Frederick's ambition to dominate Italy and the Papacy. The term was just Holy Empire. Holy Roman Empire first appeared in 1254 during the reign of Conrad. The reason for this in unclear. The first appearance of Holy Roman Empire in a document was in 1474. The name of the empire was changed to Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation by the 1512 Diet of Cologne. The empire had lost its Italian territories and most of the Burgundian territories and thus became mainly a German-speaking entity. The new name also highlighted the increased importance of the Imperial Estates which was introduced by a recent reform
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