After St. Peter, St. Linus became pope of the Church. Whether Peter specially choose Linus is debatable since his successor was chosen in his absence: Peter was dead when Linus became pope. Popes are now elected by a conclave. At the beginning of the Church it might have been different, as Matthias had been elected by the apostles by drawing straws, but as to Linus' election, little is known about procedure.
Whatever the case, Peter was a Jew only by ancestry, not by Faith, for he had become a Christian. Linus was not a pagan, but a Christian as well. Therefore, even if Peter had specifically requested Linus as the next pope, he was only choosing another Christian he felt capable of the office.
Because Peter was guided by the Holy Spirit to choose a pagan to unite the Christian community
A new Pope may choose whatever name he pleases. I don't think this is usually done out of respect for the first Pope.
There was no delay. Pope Linus took office soon after the death of St. Peter.
"They" did not change the name of the new pope, When elected, the new pope has the choice of keeping his Christian name or choosing a regnal name that he wishes to be known as while serving. When Christ named Simon as the first pope he changed his name to Peter. After Peter, the next pope to choose a new name was Pope John II who was elected in the year 533. His given name was Mercurius and he did not think it proper for a Catholic pope to be named for a pagan Roman god - Mercury.
The origin of Peter being thought of as the first Pope isn't Biblical. There may be some pagan influence particularly from the Roman god, Janus, who was the guardian of the gates and the doors to heaven and also used the emblem of the crossed keys which are now associated with the papacy. This pagan influence was then probably linked in with Matthew 16:19.
No.
The most famous pope in my opinion is St Peter. Not only did he become a Saint, he was the first pope, he was pope for the longest amount of time and he was one of Jesus's apostle's.
If a new pontiff should take the name Peter, his name in Latin would be Petrus Secundus. In every day speech, most people would probably refer to him as "Pope Peter II," or simply, "Pope Peter." If they needed to distinguish between the two Peters in the same conversation or piece of writing, they might refer to the Apostle Peter as "Pope Saint Peter'" or "the first Pope," and to the other as "the present Pope." L'Osservatore Romano, the semi-official newspaper of the Holy See, would refer to the second Pope Peter as "Pietro II" (Pietro due).
To the best of our knowledge Pope Linus, the second pope after Saint Peter, was not a martyr. However, this is uncertain as no verifiable information about his death is to be found.
Peter Pope was born in 1933.
Rhe longest reigning pope was St. Peter who ruled for about 35 years. Pius IX was the second longest reigning pope. Pius IX was the longest-serving pope after Peter, holding the office for nearly 32 years.
After Saint Peter, Pope Pius IX ruled the longest - 31 years, 236 days.
There is no Pope Peter Kenly in the Catholic Church.