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The high casualties are said to be a result of poor planning on the part of the higher command who knew little of the tides around Tarawa , Marines were forced to wade to shore through coral that was razor sharp and an unusually low tide with constant machine-gun fire from the Japanese who were in entrenched fortified positions , sniper fire , the heavy equipment loads caused the drowning of many Marines who happened upon underwater shell holes and deeper water . There were not enough Amtracks (Amphibious tractors) to deliver the Marines to the beach because of a Neap tide forcing most Marines to transfer from LCVPs (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel [Higgins boats] ) to the Amtracks which broke up the assault waves . ~ Look to the related link below for more information regarding this battle for the Pacific island of Tarawa .

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Q: Why did The US Marines had severe casualties at Tarawa?
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