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Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (519 BC - 430 BC) was a Roman patrician (aristocrat) who had been impoverished by having to pay a huge fine for his son. He had to sell most of his land to pay for this. He then retired to work on the land he had left, which was only a small farm just outside Rome. He was appointed dictator in 458 BC to lead the Roman army against Aequi. He was told this while he was ploughing his land.

He defeated the Aequi at the Battle of Mons Algidus. After this, he disbanded his army, resigned, and returned to his plough. His resignation was nothing exceptional. Dictators were supposed to resign when they completed their mandated task.

Cincinnatus' leaving the plough and returning to it was mythologised by Roman historians. To them this epitomised the ideals of the Roman aristocracy who liked to see the Romans as frugal, hardy, dutiful and upright farmers. Cincinnatus was seen as a perfect case of service to the greater good, civic virtue, lack of personal ambition, modesty and Roman gravitas and was seen as an indication of the rectitude of the older days as compared to the perceived decadence and corruption of the later days when Roman historians were writing their histories.

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Alyce Corkery

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