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Why did minos think thatif daedalus cant find his way outso much the better?
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You are from an average student baground n you want to take BMS after your 12th results are outso please suggest any colleges availabe for BMS for us?
scorin 68% in 12th is it favourable to opt for bms?
How do you put in a nose piercing?
To out in a nose piercing, you have toClean your noseClean the stud/ringGet the stud/ring wetGet your nose wetand thenjust jam it throughBut don't get a nose stud with a ball at the end, it hurts getting in and outso if i were you, i would get what they call the cork screw.
What should you do if the guy you like likes your best friend but your best friend doesn't like him?
if he hangs around u alot just tell him ur bff doesn't like him but then act all funny and fun around him but if he still doesn't like u go find someone else. Hope i helped love ponymadgirl007xxSomebody else:If he likes your best friend don't tell him your BF doesn't likes him just let him be and eitherFind a different guy to like.Spend time with him and get to know him better, become friends... then friends with benefits... then maybe he would like you instead and ask YOU outSo problem sloved for both you and your best friend and you don't hurt anyone:)Hope I helped and good luck ;)
In one inning what is the maximum number of hits that one team can make and still not score?
uhhhhhhhhh....2 hits, both runners get picked off, so 2 outsthen 3 hits to load the bases and an outso 5?----------Yes, but that adds up to 6 hits.2 hits ( out ) , 3 hits to load and next hitter out = 6 hits----------No...it's 5 hits.First 2 batters get hits, but both then get picked off (2 hits).Then the next 3 batters get hits load the bases (2 hits + 3 hits = 5 hits).The next batter is then out.Thank you, I stand corrected. So a hit is not a 'hit' until you are safe. I understand.
Number 12 fuse keeps blowing outso your radio and dome light shut off when you replace it blow again in my 1998 dodge ram pickup.?
Whether in an automotive electrical system or in a building electrical system, the repeated blowing of fuses or tripping of circuit breakers is caused by the same thing, a short circuit or an extreme overload condition. Fuses and circuit breakers are designed and installed in electrical systems to protect the system from overheating from increased electrical loads. A short circuit is a situation in which a "hot" wire, or any hot component has come in contact with a "grounded" wire or component [any matallic component which at some point is connected to the battery negative (ground) terminal, like metallic body or frame parts]. An overload is a situation in which too many electricity using devices [or one "way to big" one] have been added to a circuit, or a device which uses more current [measured in Ampheres (Amps)] than the circuit wiring was designed to safely carry. Some examples of an overload include add-on electrical equipment such as, for example: Monster multiple light off-road light bars, or monster sound amplifier systems. ANY TIME a fuse blows or a breaker trips is an indication of an UNSAFE condition which could damage the wiring system, OR WORSE, cause a fire which could destroy the vehicle.
What is a safe level of drinking?
In order to have any way to answer this question, you must consider the numerous factors that interact in determining how intoxicated a person is, in what ways he or she is most impaired and what amount of alcohol it takes for a person to become intoxicated. Also, it is necessary to define safe.FACTORS:1. Race/ethnicity- On average, Native Americans are not able to process alcohol as well as those of European decent due to physiological differences.2. Size- The taller and larger you are (assuming that the largeness is not due to excess body fat), the more likely you are to be able to consume more alcohol with less impairment.3. Body Fat- Alcohol is not fat soluble. The more body fat you have, the longer the alcohol stays in the body before the liver breaks it down.4. Gender- Women tend to become intoxicated more quickly due to less of stomach enzyme for breaking down alcohol as well as typically having more body fat than men.5. Other- Rate of consumption, amount of alcohol in the drink as well as the proof of the alcohol, amount eaten prior to drinking and other factors affect BAC levels and intoxication.DEFINING SAFEDepending on the person, safe level of drinking could mean many different things, including:- Below the level limit (BAC < 0.08)- Not going to jail- Able to walk without falling/stumbling repeatedly- Not vomitting- Not blacking outSO, WHAT IS A "SAFE LEVEL" OF DRINKING?LEGALLYIf you are driving or if you are walking in the community, especially one known for high rates of PI arrests, you should not consume more than 2 drinks per hour, or you will likely blow a 0.08 or above which may result in a DUI (and subsequent license suspension) or a public intoxication. If you blow above a 0.15 in most states, the DUI punishment severity typically increases, with Arizona having mandatory jail time for all DUI convictions, including 45 days for those who blow over a 0.25 BAC.IN GENERALIf you are not experienced at drinking, you should be slow and steady with your drinking. Consuming too much, too fast (i.e. binge drinking) may result in blacking out which could lead to death through asphyxiation on vomit, respiratory depression, etc. Even if you are experienced, binge drinking carries a much greater risk of harm to self and others than drinking that is paced. Practicing safe drinking practices, such as having a designated driver, also helps increase safety.BAC LEVELS & WHAT THEY MEAN0.01-0.029 -- Typically no intoxication, or only very subtle effects, noticed.0.03-0.059 -- Typically decreased inhibition, mild euphoria, relaxation, increased talkativeness and impaired concentration.0.06-0.09 -- Typically blunted feelings, disinhibition, extraversion and impairments in reasoning, depth perception, peripheral vision and glare recovery.0.10-0.19 -- Impaired reflexes (significant), poor reaction time, poor gross motor control, staggering, slurring of speach, mood swings0.20-0.29 -- Severe motor impairment, loss of conscioussness possible as well as memory blackout, loss of understanding, impaired senses0.30-0.39 -- Bladder control is poor, breathing and heart rate are significantly impaired, death is possible>= 0.40 -- Above impairments and complications continue to worsen while risk of death significantly increases.In other words, driving over the limit is a danger to yourself and others. If you are at home, exceeding 0.19 can lead to overdose while less can lead to accidents. Exceeding 0.30 is highly dangerous with risk of death being very high.
What are the lyrics to the Gloria cannon?
Translated into English courtesy of the Jubilate Chorale of Southeastern Massachusetts Glory to God in the highest And on earth peace to all those of good will. We praise thee. We bless thee. We worship thee. We glorify thee. We give thanks to thee according to thy great Glory. Lord God, Heavenly King, God the Father almighty, Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son, Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, Thou who takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Thou who takest away the sins of the world, receive our prayer. Thou who sittest at the right hand of the Father, have mercy upon us. For Thou alone art holy. Thou alone art the Lord. Thou alone art the most high, Jesus Christ. With the Holy Spirit. In the glory of God the Father. Amen.
When did Snoop Dogg started to rap?
In 1989, Snoop Had Just Graduated From Long Beach Polytechnical High School.He Seen That He Didn't Really Have No Career Or No Life, He Didn't Wanna At No Jobs Or No 9 To 5's. So He Had His Homie "Money Bee", He Was Tight AtMaking Beat's, So Then Snoop's Childhood Friend "Warren G" Hooked Snoop Up With "Money Bee", "Nate Dogg" Was Hooked Up With Snoop, So They Got ThemSelves A Ride And Drove Over To His House, They Put Down A Song Called"Long Beach Is Mutha*****", That Was First Song That Actually Ever PutDown On Cassette, Once They Did That, Snoop Had A Copy, Nate Dogg Had ACopy, & Warren G Had A Copy. About A Week 1/2 Two Weeks Later, 200 To 300People From Long Beach And Was Like "Man, That S*** Bangin", Then ItStart Spreading, And Before You Knew It, They Was Selling $5.00 A Tape. TheyWent Back Too Money Bee, And Made Another Song, They Went ToThe Eastside Of Long Beach To V.I.P. Record Store, Started Making Tracks WithDJ Slice, He Heard The Song That They Had Made, He Typed It Up A Lil Bit, Added A Bigger Beat To It. Then They Started Making Songs WithDJ Slice & LC, Producer That Was From The Westside Of Long Beach, He StartedProducing Beats For Snoop Dogg, Then Him, Warren G, & Nate Dogg Started Making Songs On Cassette, Calvin From The V.I.P., He Tried To Take The Cassette To The Label's, They Were Like"He Doesn't Have What It Take, He's Not DJ Quik, He Doesn't Have What It Take's, And He'll Never Make It", Snoop Was Like "Aight, Cool".Sidenote - This Was When DJ Quik Was OutSo Snoop Did A Song With Kat Name "Enuff", Said He Call Carson, Snoop Titled The Record "Supa Dupa", He Had HD On It At First. He Bought It Back ToNate Dogg, He Heard It. He Was Like "Let Me Sing On It", So Snoop LetNate Sing On It. He Laced It, It Went From A "Song" To A "Real Record", Then Snoop Did Another Called "Gangsta'z Life", He Had Nate Dogg Singin InThe Background, It Was Somethin Snoop Had Kicked A Story Real Deep. He Mixed LL Cool J's - Cars Ride By With The Booming System WithVoque's - Hold On.It Was Like A Record That Everybody On The Street Could Relate To, And ItHad A Familiar Beat. When Snoop Did That Track, That Was The One ThatDr. Dre Had Heard, Then Above Tha Law Was One Of The People Who Tried GetSnoop Dogg In The Game, As Far As We Gon Bring Him To Worldwide Audience, Through Their Label "Lawhouse Records"Warren G Was Rollin With Laylow, Hutch, & Goldmack. So They Bought Snoop Up There To Visit Above Tha Law, They Heard His Material, They Liked Him,Wanted To Get Down With Him, Put Snoop On The Team With Them. Put Him InLine, Told Him That He Was Gon Come Out After "Kokane & Shelly". Snoop WasDown With Them, He Was Ready To Wait & Make It Happen, While Snoop Was Waitin, He Went To A Studio In L.A., And Catching The Metro, To TakeSnoop, Warren G, & Nate Dogg, Back To Long Beach, Looking Out For Them,Being Real Homeboy's, Kokane Was Down With Snoop Back Then, Keepin HimInspirated, Lettin Him "The Wait Was Worth The Wait". Just Stay In Line, HeWas Gon Work With Him, And Get Him Ten-8, As Snoop Waited, Waited, &Waited. Warren G Got Tired Of Waiting, He Took The Tape To Dr. Dre.Dr. Dre Heard It, Dre Was Like "Come And Meet Me At The Studio On Monday".And That Same Monday, Snoop Had To Go Do A Song With Above Tha Law, Actually They Made A Song For Snoop, Called "Another Mission Of Beat", SnoopGot A Call From Dre, He Told Dre Couldn't Make It, Cause He Had To Go DoSomething Else, So Snoop Went And Hollered At Dr. Dre, And He Seen How 4Real He Was, Snoop Had To Let Above Tha Law Know, He Was Going To StartWorking With Dr. Dre, And That It Was Still All Good With Above Tha Law, Snoop Wasn't Trippin About It, It Was Still All Gravy, He Was Still Down With Them, But He Had To Make This Money With Dre "This Is Dr. Dre". So That's How Snoop Dogg Started Rapping. Oh By The Way, Ya'll Make Sure Ya'll Go CopTha Doggumentary, That Came Out On March 29th, 2011. And Make Ya'll BuyDJ Quik's The Book Of David Album On April 19th, 2011, AndDaz Dillinger's D.A.Z. Album On April 19th, 2011. Also.__________________________________________________Rest In PeaceNathaniel "Nate Dogg" HaleAugust 19th, 1969 † March 15th, 2011DPG 4 Ever
How do you change the bulb for the instrument panel on a 1995 Subaru Legacy wagon?
I'm doing it now on my 1996 Legacy. I had to order the bulds from Radio Shack. Remove the cup holder first and then you'll see that you have to unplug the wiring harness for hazards, blower and another one. They are little brown flat screw type bolts that are kinda flush to the panel. Twist and pull out with tweezers and you'll see you have to remove the bulbs manually. Hope this helps and that your year of car matches what mine is. Check this out:Replacing the lights behind the centerconsoleEvery major button or control in the center console should be backlit when the headlights are on.Sometimes the little bulbs burn out. The previous owner of my car demonstrated that they tend to burnout faster if you soak them with a can or two of cola. The good news is that with some care, you can fixthe burned out lights yourself. This page details the steps I followed for replacing several different lights.If none of the interior controls are lit up, check the dimmer ring on the headlight switch and makesure it is turned to the brightest setting. The interior lights don't show up very well during the daytime,so you may want to do this work in a dark or shaded location.General instructions for replacing the micro bulbsEach of the minature bulbs behind the buttons or switches in a Subaru has a base that is the right size forits location. I recommend replacing only one bulb at a time or keeping track of where each bulb base wasremoved from. You don't want to get poor lighting results because you plugged the wrong light base intoa given socket (even though it may fit). You may be able to buy the complete bulb assemblies at aSubaru dealer, but in my case I was trying not to put any more money into these repairs than I had to.1. Remove the bulb to be replaced by twisting it ~1/8th turn counterclockwise. If the bulb doesn'tfall out of its socket, you may need tweezers or fine pliers to grab the base of the bulb and removeit.2. Use a pin or fine screwdriver to unwrap the little wires from their canals in the base of the lightassembly. Once the wires are more or less straight, you should be able to pull the bulb out of thebase.3. When separated, the base and removed bulb will look something like this:Base: Bulb:4. Radio Shack stores sell micro bulbs that will fit and work very well as replacement bulbs, butyou'll have to fit them into the Subaru light bases. They are Radio Shack #7219 and come in apackage of two. The bulbs are 12 volts · 60 mA. The other number on the package is 272-1092C,http://www.med.uc.edu/pstp/students/fortner/rulights.htm (1 of 4) [6/29/2003 7:17:32 AM]Subaru Salvation Projectalthough I don't know if that matters or not. The 2-pack should be less than $2.5. The Radio Shack bulbs are slightly shorter than the Subaru bulbs, so you may need to cut a shortpiece of plastic to make the bulb stick out as far as the original bulb sticks out. I used a little ringcut from the ink tube on a Bic Rollerstick and slid it over the wires like this:6. Some of the lights have little green covers on them (the ones behind the climate control switchesare like this). The green covers will fit the Radio Shack bulbs very well and will also make iteasier to determine how much bulb should stick out of the base.7. Feed the wires from the Radio Shack bulb through the holes in the light base (one wire per hole toavoid shorting out the circuit).8. Wrap the wires through the grooves in the light base, making sure to follow the path that theoriginal wires were wrapped along. The loops on the bulb side of the base are the most important,since they form the electrical contact with the light socket. Before you trim the excess wire, itshould look something like this:9. Trim the excess wires, make sure the two wires don't touch each other at any point, and plug thelight assembly back into the socket it came out of.10. Turn the base ~1/8th turn clockwise to lock the light in position.Foglight, Rear Defroster, or Cruise ControlswitchesAll of these switches have two light bulbs: one for backlighting the symbol or text, another for the littlelight that indicates the button is in the "on" position.1. Remove the switch from the instrument panel and disconnect the plug connected to the rear of theswitch. It may help to remove the instrument panel first, so that you can get at the back side of theswitches and pop them out more easily.2. Remove the light assembly and replace the bulb according to the general instructions.3. Reconnect the plug into the back of the switch and test for lights.4. Pop the switch back into place and reassemble the instrument panel.http://www.med.uc.edu/pstp/students/fortner/rulights.htm (2 of 4) [6/29/2003 7:17:32 AM]Subaru Salvation ProjectHazard Light switchThis switch has only one bulb that backlights the symbol. The only difficult part is getting the switch outso you can work on it (the bulb is located on the top side of the switch so you have to disassemble thepanel pretty much completely).1. Remove the cup holder, including the two screws and the socket that holds the tray.2. Remove the whole center vent assembly (entire piece surrounding the heater controls, vents, andhazard switch). It should pop out fairly easily (anchor points seem to be beside each vent).3. Unplug the wires from the back of the hazard switch.4. The next trick is to get the vent assembly apart from the trim piece that holds the hazard switch.m Remove the two black screws holding the bottom of the vents to the trim piece.m Loosen or remove the 4 small screws that hold the vent top & bottom together (two goldcolored screws on each side).m Look in through the back of each vent and note that there are about 4 pop-in type "teeth"holding the vent snapped together with the trim piece.m Pop the vent assembly loose from the trim piece.5. You should be able to get at the light bulb (on top of the switch) without detaching the hazardswitch from the trim piece, but it may be easier to go ahead and unscrew the two screws holdingthe hazard switch in place on the trim and remove the switch.6. Remove the light assembly and replace the bulb according to the general instructions.7. Reconnect the plug into the back of the switch and test for lights.8. If you detached the hazard switch from the trim, reattach it.9. Pop the vent assembly back onto the back of the trim piece, making sure that all the "teeth" popback into place.10. Replace and tighten all screws removed from the whole center vent/trim assembly.11. Pop the whole center vent assembly back into place.12. Reinstall the cup holder socket and screws and slide the cup holder tray back into place.Climate control panelThe entire panel for the vent selection, fan speed, and internal temperature control is lit by three bulbs atthe back of the control assembly. Replacing them is a fairly involved repair, but worth it if you want tosee those controls at night. I think the little indicators beneath each vent selection (floor, vent, recirc,defrost, etc.) are LEDs. All of mine work, so I haven't had to mess with them. The light in the A/C switchis also separate, and mine works so I haven't had to mess with it either.1. Remove the center vent and trim according to steps 1-3 for replacing the hazard switch.2. Pop the sliding knob off of the temperature control slider.http://www.med.uc.edu/pstp/students/fortner/rulights.htm (3 of 4) [6/29/2003 7:17:32 AM]Subaru Salvation Project3. Remove the 4 screws holding the control panel in place.4. There are three plugs going to the back of the control panel (one for fan speed control, one forA/C, one for all other switches). Unplug all three.5. The cable attached to the temperature slider will prevent you from removing the whole controlpanel assembly.6. In order to pull the panel out, you need to disassemble the sliding part from the rest of the panel.This is somewhat complicated.m There is a cover made of softer black plastic on top of the back part of the assembly. Workwith the clips near each end to free this piece and slide it up and out.m Looking at the top of the assembly, you should now see a small circuit board held verticalbetween two supports.m On the back side of each support is a tab that secures the ends of the circuit board.m As you lift upward on the small circuit board, use a small screwdriver to pry the tabsoutward (away from the back of the assembly) to release the ends of the small circuit boardand slide the circuit board up and out of it supports. It will remain attached by a short greyribbon wire.m Remove the two small silver screws from the bottom of the assembly.m Lift the little clips near where those screws were and slide the front part away from the restof assembly, leaving the A/C switch, the slider and cable still in the dashboard.7. Now you should be able to look at the back of the main circuit board (across the whole back ofthe vent control assembly) and see the bases for three bulbs.8. If you don't know which bulbs are burned out, plug in the main plug to the little circuit board andcarefully test the lights (don't short anything out on any of the wires or pins).9. Remove any burned out light assemblies and replace the bulbs according to the generalinstructions. The light nearest the fan speed switch has a considerably longer base than the others,so don't get this mixed up with other bulbs. All three of these lights should have little greensheaths covering the bulbs.10. Reconnect the plugs into the back of the assembly and test for lights (again, be careful not to shortthings out).11. Unplug the system again and reassemble it. Once you have slid the front and back parts of theassembly back together and replaced the small silver screws, slide the small circuit board downinto its supports. Don't forget to put the black plastic cover back on behind the vent controlassembly, and the temperature slider knob back in place.12. Plug all three connections back into the back of the whole climate control assembly, and mount itback in place with the four screws.13. Replace the center vent assembly, cup holder socket and screws, and cup holder tray.
Who wrote the most love songs?
i don't really kno but my fav. love song is 'love song' by Taylor swift.....i love that song!wait is that even a love song..?..(by the way that isn't the best song its only the best love song...... the best song is a little bit longer by nicholas jerry Jonas..i love you nick!!!!!!!!!!and i love your songs!look what i did....Jonas brothers(tonight)Lyrics:So here we are againThrowing punch-lines, no one winsAs the morning sun begins to riseWe're fading fastWe wanna work this out(CHORUS)No we're not gonna work this out tonightNo we're not gonna make this rightSo I'll give a kiss and say goodbye[give a kiss and say goodbye]Cause we're not gonna work this out tonightTo single words been said [woah oh oh]Broke each others hearts again [woah oh oohh]As the starlit sky begins to shineWe're breaking downShe screams loud(CHORUS)No we're not gonna work this out tonightNo we're not gonna make this rightSo I'll give a kiss and say goodbye[give a kiss and say goodbye]Cause we're not gonna work this out tonightWe don't have to fight [tonight 3x]We just gotta try [tonight 3x]We're gonna work this outWe don't have to fight [tonight 3x]We just gotta tryTONIGHT(CHORUS)No we're not gonna work this out tonightNo we're not gonna make this rightSo I'll give a kiss and say goodbye[give a kiss and say goodbye]Cause we're not going to work this out tonightAnd to all this fighting, we're just wasting time [Tonight]We're gonna give it a try and get it down and baby your gone [Tonight]since you've been wrongAnd all that endsTonight.User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(SOS)Lyrics:Told you I made dinner plansYou and me and no one elseThat don't include your crazy friendsWell I'm doneWith awkward situation's emptyconversationsOohh This is an S.O.S.Don't wanna second guessThis is the bottom lineIt's trueI gave my all for youNow my heart's in twoAnd I can't find the other halfIt's like I'm walking on broken glassBetter believe I bledIt's a call I'll never getSo this is where the story endsA conversation on IMWell I'm done with textingSorry for the miscommunicationOohh This is an S.O.S.Don't wanna second guessThis is the bottom lineIt's trueI gave my all for youNow my heart's in twoAnd I can't find the other halfIt's like I'm walking on broken glassBetter believe I bledIt's a call I'll never getNext time I see youI'm giving you a high fiveCuz hugs are overrated just FYIOohh This is an S.O.S.Don't wanna second guessThis is the bottom lineIt's trueI gave my all for younow my heart's in twoOohh This is an S.O.S.Don't wanna second guessThis is the bottom lineIt's youI gave my all for younow my heart's in twoAnd I can't find the other halfIt's like I'm walking on broken glassbetter believe I bledIt's a call I'll never getUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(hold on)lyrics:We don't have time left to regret, hold onIt will take more than common sense, hold onSo stop your wondering take a stand, hold onCause theres more to life than just to live, hold onCause an empty room can be so loudIts too many tears to drown them outSo hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onOne single smile a helping hand, hold onIts not that hard to be a friend, hold onSo don't give up stand 'til the end, hold onCause theres more to life than just to live, hold onCause an empty room can be so loudIts too many tears to drown them outSo hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onWhen you love someone and they break your heartDon't give up on love have faith, restartJust hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onWhen it falls apart and your feeling lostAll your hope is gone don't forget toHold on, hold onCause an empty room can be so loudIts too many tears to drown them outSo hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onWhen you love someone and they break your heartDon't give up on love have faith, restartJust hold on, hold onCause an empty room can be so loudIts too many tears to drown them outSo hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onWhen you love someone and they break your heartDon't give up on love have faith, restartJust hold on, hold on, hold on, hold onUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(that's just the way we roll)lyrics:verse 1-I woke up on my roof with my brotherstheres a whale in the pool with my motherand my dad paints the house different colorswhere would we be if we couldn't dreamchorus-And i know we get a little crazyand i know we get a little loudand i know were never gonna fake itwe are wild we are free we are more then you thinkso call us freaks but that's just the way we rollverse 2-you got moves i got shoes lets go dancingpop and lock battle dance against hansonif we lose all the girls theyll be laughingwere would we be if we couldn't dream[chorus]Bridge-cause were old enough to knowwere never letting gocause that's just the way we rollUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(year 3000)lyrics:One day when I came home at lunchtime,I heard a funny noise.Went out to the back yard to find out if it was,One of those rowdy boys.Stood there with my neighbor called Peter,And a Flux Capacitor.He told me he built a time machine.Like one in a film I've seen,Yeah... he said...I've been to the year 3000Not much has changed but they lived under water.And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).He took me to the future in the flux thing, and I saw everything.Boy bands, and another one and another one ... and another one!Girls there with round hair like Star Wars float above the floorWe drove around in a time machine,Like the one in the film I've seen..Yeah... he said...He said, I've been to the year 3000.Not much has changed but they lived under water,And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).I took a trip to the year 3000.This song had gone multi-platinum.Everybody bought our 7th album.It had outsold Kelly Clarkson.I took a trip to the year 3000.This song had gone multi-platinum.Everybody bought our 7th album, 7th album, 7th album.He told me he built a time machine.Like the one in a film I've seen,Yeah...I've been to the year 3000.Not much has changed but they lived under water.And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).He said, I've been to the year 3000.Not much has changed but they lived under water.And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).He said, I've been to the year 3000.Not much has changed but they lived under water.And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).He said, I've been to the year 3000.Not much has changed but they lived under water.And your great great great grand daughter,Is doing fine (doing fine).User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(we're the kids of the future)lyrics:We're the kidsWe're the kidsWe're the kids of the future [x2][Joe]Standing on a dirty, old rooftopDown below the cars in the city go rushing byI sit here alone and I wonder whyCome on Lewis, keep moving forwardHold your head up highThere's no time for looking downYou will not believe where we're going now[Nick]Here we go,let me remind youLook ahead,the past is behind you[Chorus]We're the kids of the future, Whoa!We're the kids of the future, Whoa!Everybody lives'cause the future is Now!(Echo)Now,Now,Now,Now,Now,Now,Now[Joe]Bright lights,boy,look around youYour imagination is working overtimeThe world that you've dreamt of has now arrivedHot shot, the greatest adventureIs where the family you've searched forComes aliveSo come meet the Robinsons[Nick]Looking for a place you belong toLooking for a family that wants you[Chorus]We're the kids of the future,Whoa!(x2)Everybody live 'cause the future is now!Na,na,na,na-na-na-na,na,na,na,na-na-naNa,na,na,na-na-na-na, (Yell) SING!na,na,na,na-na-na(Music Plays)[Joe]Everyday we have fun me and WilburSo happy to be here with the RobinsonsI finally feel I can be someoneOutside a new day is dawningOutside TodayLand is rawling everywhereI know that it's right because[Nick]We'll save the future togetherThis family's forever[Chorus]We're the kids of the future,Whoa!(x2)Everybody live 'cause the future is now!Na,na,na,na-na-na-na,na,na,na,na-na-naNa,na,na,na-na-na-na, (Yell) SING!na,na,na,na-na-na(Music Plays)[All Together]We're the kidsWe're the kidsWe're the kids of the future [x4]User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(BB good)lyrics:I'll pick you up at sevenWe can drive around and see a movieEvery scene will have a meaningBut you'll be the one that moves meI've been hurt before so baby promise that your gonna be trueI'm gonna be be good so tell me that your gonna be good, tooCHORUSYou gotta be be good to meI'm gonna be be good to youWe'll be happy as can beJust gotta be be good to me, baby!Gonna treat you rightWe'll never fightNow baby you can trust meWhen I hold you tightI feel aliveI guess that I'm just luckyI've been hurt before so babyPromise that your gonna be trueGonna be be good so tell me that your gonna be good tooCHORUS REPEATListen girl, you gotta be goodI don't wanna hurt youI wanna KISS you!CHORUS REPEAT x2Listen girl, you outta controlI think you and meWould be a greatCou-pleUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(shelf)lyrics:She's such a flirtAnd I am the lonely heartGive it a chanceFor our love to startBut you'll never seeIf you don't give me a shotTo show you what I've gotCHORUSBut it's too late to pretendYou know me better than I know myselfDon't take my heart and put it on a shelfAlways someone elseThe next guy who willMake your cold heart meltI'm gonna give my love to someone elseI held your handIt felt like a movieI made some plansBut you were already moving onAnd now I'm stuck under a rainy cloudBut you don't seem to careBut it's alright 'causeCHORUS REPEATI'm tired of wasting all my timeMy heart is hanging on the lineIs it me girl, or someone else?Please take it off the shelfCHORUS REPEATUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(when you look me in the eyes)Lyrics:If the heart is always searching,Can you ever find a home?I've been looking for that someone,I can't make it on my own.Dreams can't take the place of loving you,There's gotta be a million reasons why it's true.When you look me in the eyes,And tell me that you love me.Everything's alright,When you're right here by my side.When you look me in the eyes,I catch a glimpse of heaven.I find my paradise,When you look me in the eyes.How long will I be waiting,To become a better man?Gonna tell you that I love you,In the best way that I can.I can't take a day without you here,You're the light that makes my darkness disappear.When you look me in the eyes,And tell me that you love me.Everything's alright,When you're right here by my side.When you look me in the eyes,I catch a glimpse of heaven.I find my paradise,When you look me in the eyes.Every day, I start to realize,I can reach my tomorrow,I can hold my head high,And it's all because you're by my side.When you look me in the eyes,And tell me that you love me.Everything's alright,When you're right here by my side.When you look me in the eyes,I catch a glimpse of heaven.I find my paradise,When you look me in the eyes.And tell me that you love me.Everything's alright,When you're right here by my side.When you look me in the eyes,I catch a glimpse of heaven.I find my paradise,When you look me in the eyes.OhUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(take a breath)lyrics:I walked across a crowded streetA sea of eyes cut through meAnd i saw you in the middleYour upset faceYou wear it wellCamouflage the way you feelWhen everything's the matterWe've all been down that road beforeSearching for that something moreWorlds are spinning roundThere's no time for slowing downSo won't you take a breath, just take a breathPeople change and promises are brokenClouds can move and skies will be wide openSo don't forget to take a breathWe blink our eyes life's rearrangedTo our surprise it's still okayIt's that way things happenSummer comes and then it goesHold on tight and brace for coldIt's only for a momentWe've all been down that road beforeSearching for that something moreWorlds are spinning roundThere's no time for slowing downSo won't you take a breath, just take a breathPeople change and promises are brokenClouds can move and skies will be wide openSo don't forget to take a breathLife isn't suffocatingAir isn't overratedWorlds are spinning roundThere's no time for slowing downSo won't you take a breath, just take a breathWorlds are spinning roundThere's no time for slowing downSo won't you take a breath, just take a breathPeople change and promises are brokenClouds can move and skies will be wide openSo don't forget to take a breathWorlds are spinning roundThere's no time for slowing downSo won't youSo don't forget to take a breathUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81Run, Run like you doI'm chasing youon your tail I'm gaining fastyou're going nowheretry to fix what you've doneturn back the sunthe night is callingand we're falling faster nowpushing me awayevery last wordevery single thing you saypushing me awaytry to stop me now but it's already too latepushing me awayIf you really don't care than say it to my facepushing me awaypush push pushing me awayStoptell me the truthcause I'm so confusedstanding roundthese walls are fallin downand I need youmore than you knowI'm not letting goit's getting closeso take my handand please just tell me why you'repushing me awayevery last wordevery single thing you saypushing me awaytry to stop me now but it's already too latepushing me awayIf you really don't care than say it to my facepushing me awaypush push pushing me awaypush push pushing me away x7pushing me awayevery last wordevery single thing you saypushing me awaytry to stop me now but it's already too latepushing me awayIf you really don't care than say it to my facepushing me awaypush push pushing me awayUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(burnin up)Lyrics:(Verse 1)I'm hotYou're coldYou go aroundLike you knowWho I amBut you don'tYou got me on my toes(Chorus)I'm slipping into the lavaAnd I'm trying to keep from going underBabyYou turn the temperature hotterI'm burning upBurning upFor you baby(Verse 2)I fellSo fastI can't holdMyself backHigh heelsRed dressAll by yourselfGotta catch my breath(Chorus)I'm slipping into the lavaAnd I'm trying to keep from going underBabyYou turn the temperature hotterI'm burning upBurning upFor you baby(Bridge)I walk in the roomAll I can see is youYou're staring me downI know you feel it too(Chorus)I'm slipping into the lavaAnd I'm trying to keep from going underBabyYou turn the temperature hotterI'm burning upBurning upFor you baby(Chorus)I'm slipping into the lavaAnd I'm trying to keep from going underBabyYou turn the temperature hotterI'm burning upBurning upFor you baby(Big Rob & the Jobros)We're burning up in the place tonightYou probably sing it loud and we feel it rightGet up and dance don't try and fight itBig Rob's fo real and that's no lieSo jump and roll and touch the floorWhile he keeps on burning up more and moreI got JB with meWe're laying it downNow come on boys sing the chorus with me(Chorus)I'm slipping into the lavaAnd I'm trying to keep from going underBabyYou turn the temperature hotterI'm burning upBurning upFor you babyI'm burning upBurning upFor you babyUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(love bug) lyrics:Called her for the first time yesterdayFinally found the missing part of meFelt so close but you were far awayLeft me without anything to say(CHORUS)Now I'm speechless, over the edge, I'm just breathlessI never thought that I'd catch this love bug againHopeless, head over heels in the momentI never thought that I'd get hit by this love bug againI can't get your smile out of my mind[I can't get you out of my mind]I think about your eyes all the timeYou're beautiful but you don't even try(You don't even, don't even try)Modesty is just so hard to find(CHORUS)Now I'm speechless, over the edge, I'm just breathlessI never thought that I'd catch this love bug againHopeless, head over heels in the momentI never thought that I'd get hit by this love bug againKissed her for the first time yesterdayEverything I wished that it would beSuddenly I forgot how to speakHopeless, breathless, baby can't you see?Now I'm...YEAH, OHHHNow I'm speechless, over the edge of this, breathlessI never thought that I'd catch this love bug againHopeless, head over heels in the momentI never thought that I'd get hit by this love bug again[ohhhhh]love bug again...User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(just friends)lyrics:There she goes againThe girl I'm in love withIt's cool we're just friendsWe walk the halls at schoolWe know it's casualIt's cool we're just...I don't want to lead you on, noBut the truth is I've grown fondYeahhEveryone knows it's meant to beFalling in love, just you and me'til the end of time'til I'm on her mindIt'll happenI've been making lots of plansLike a picket fence and a rose gardenI just keep on dreamingBut it's cool cause we're just friendsSmall talk on IMJust one word sentencesIt's cool we're just friendsIf I had my wayWe'd talk and talk all dayYeahhEveryone knows it's meant to beFalling in love, just you and me'til the end of time'til I'm on her mindIt'll happenI've been making lots of plansLike a picket fence and a rose gardenI just keep on dreamingBut it's cool cause we're just friendsThinking about howWe're gonna say our vowsIt's cool we're just friendsShe walks down the aisleSeeing my face smileCause now we're more than friendsEveryone knows it's meant to beFalling in love, just you and me'til the end of time'til I'm on her mindIt'll happenWe've been making lots of plansLike a picket fence and a rose gardenI'll just keep on dreamingJust keep on thinking about how we used to be just friendsLa, La, La, LaLa, La, La, LaLa, La, La, La, LaWhen we used to be (When we used to be)La, La, La, LaLa, La, La, La (Just friends)La, La, La, La, LaWhen we used to be just friendsUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(hello beautiful)lyrics:Hello BeautifulHow's it goingI hear it's wonderfulIn CaliforniaI've been missin' youIt's trueBut tonight, I'm gonna flyYeahh tonight, I'm gonna fly..Cause I could go across the worldAnd see everything, and never be satisfiedIf I couldn't see those eyesHello BeautifulIt's been a long timeSince my phone's rungAnd you've been on that lineI've been missing youIt's trueBut tonight, I'm gonna flyYeahh tonight, I'm gonna fly..oh yeahhCause I go across the worldAnd see everything, and never be satisfiedIf I couldn't see those eyesUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(cant have youu)lyrics:You warned me that you were gonna leaveNever thought you would really goI was blindBut baby now I seeBroke your heartBut now I knowThat I was being such a foolAnd I didn't deserve youCHORUSI don't wanna fall asleepCause I don't know if I'll get upAnd I don't wanna cause a sceneBut I'm dyin' without your loveBeggin' hear your voiceTell me you love me too'Cause I'd rather just be aloneIf I know that I can't have youLooking at the letter you that you left(The letter that you left, will I ever get you back?)Wondering if I'll ever get you backDreaming about when I'll see you next(When will I see you next? Will I ever get you back?)Knowing that I never will forget(I won't forget, I won't forget)That I was being such a foolThat I still don't deserve youCHORUS REPEATSo tell me what we're fighting for'Cause you know that truth means so much more'Cause you would if you couldDon't lie'Cause I'd give everything that I've got leftTo show you I mean what I have saidI know I was such a foolBut I can't live without youCHORUS REPEAT x2User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(got me goin crazy)lyrics:Baby, pretty ladyTell me how you do itAnd tell me, what can I do to help'Cause I've been thinking of youFor a little while nowAnd this right here is how I feelCHORUSGirl, you got me going crazyKnock me off my feetNow you've got me begging, babyBegging, baby, pleaseAll I wanna know is do you wanna get awayGet away with me'Cause girl I don't know what to doBecause I'm so in love with youHead over my heelsYeah, I know how I feelGirl, you know that I'm in loveOh I once was lonelyNow I know you love meThis right here is how I feelCHORUS REPEATAll I wanna know is, do you wanna get away?Girl, you got me going crazyKnock me off my feetNow you've got me begging, babyGirl, I'm on my kneesAll I wanna know is do you wanna get away?Get away with me'Cause girl, I don't know what to do'Cause I'm so in loveSo in loveSo in love with youUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(that's what i go to school for)lyrics:Her voice is echoed in my mind I count the days till she is mine Can't tell my friends 'cause they willlaugh I love a girl from senior classI daydream through freshman math While she fills our her college apps I'll show her a world wherewe belong But she'll have to drive us to the prom[Chorus]That's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore You can call me crazy She is so amazingThat's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore Girlfriends I've had plenty But she's theone that I need That's what I go to school for That's what I go to school forHer boyfriend's just turning nineteen But that doesn't bother me He's back at college out of town I find a reason to go roundI climb a tree outside her home To make sure she is alone She looks up and sees me there Still I can'thelp but stop and stare[Chorus]That's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore You can call me crazy She is so amazingThat's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore Girlfriends I've had plenty But she's theone that I need That's what I go to school forThat's what I, that's what I, that's what I go to school for[Bridge]Everyone that you see all day knows you're looking at me in a different way I guess that's why my marksare getting so high I can see those tell tale signs telling me that I was on your mind I could see thatyou want it more when you told me that I'm what you go to school for I'm what you go to school forShe's made her choice and I'm the one At least 'til graduation comes We drive past school to wavegoodbye My friends they can't believe their eyesThat's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore You can call me crazy I know that she lovesme That's what I go to school for Even though it is a real bore Girlfriends I've had plenty But she's theone that I need That's what I go to school for That's what I go to school forcomment,rate and please subscribe!!User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(sorry)lyrics:Broken hearts and last goodbyesRestless nights but lullabiesHelps make this pain go awayI realize I let you downTold you that I'd be aroundBuilding up the strength just to sayI'm sorryFor breaking all the promises I wasn't around to keep.If only..This time is the last time I will ever beg you to stay.But your already on your way.Filled with sorrow, filled with painKnowing that I am to blameFor leaving your heart out in the rainAnd I know your gonna walk awayAnd leave me with the price to payBut before you go I wanted to sayYeah!That I'm sorryFor breaking all the promises that I wasn't around to keepIf only..This time is the last time that I will ever beg you to stay.But you're already on your way.Can't make it alive on my ownBut if you have to go, then please girlJust leave me alone.Cause I don't want to see you and me going our separate ways.I'm begging you to stayIf it isn't too lateI'm sorryFor breaking all the promises that I wasn't around to keep.If only..This time is the last time that I will ever beg you to stay.But your already on your way.But your already on your way...User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(poor unfortunate souls)lyrics:I admit that in the past I've been a nastyThey weren't kidding when they called me kinda strangeBut you'll find that nowadaysI've mended all my waysRepented, seen the light, and made a changeAnd I fortunately know a little secretIt's a talent that I always have possessedAnd dear lady, please don't laughI use it on behalfOf the miserable, the lonely, and depressed (pathetic)Poor unfortunate soulsIn painIn needThis one longing to be thinnerThat one wants to get the girlAnd do I help them?Yes, indeed!Those poor unfortunate soulsSo sadSo trueThey come flocking to me crying'Will you help us, pretty please?'And I help them!Yes I do!The men up there don't like a lot of blabberThey think a girl who gossips is a bore!Yes on land it's much preferred for ladies not to say a wordAnd after all dear, what is idle prattle for?They're not all that impressed with conversationTrue gentlemen avoid it when they canBut they dote and swoon and fawnOn ladies who withdrawnIt's she who holds her tongue who gets a manPoor unfortunate soulsGo ahead!Make your choice!I'm a very busy person and I haven't got all dayIt won't cost muchJust your voice!Those poor unfortunate soulsSo sadSo trueIf you wanna cross the bridge, my sweetYou've got the pay the tollTake a gulpTake a breathGo aheadSign the scrollNick and KevinNow I've got her, boysThe boss is on a rollYou poor unfortunate soulsIn painIn needThis one longing to be thinnerThat one wants to get the girlAnd do I help them?Yes, indeed!Those poor unfortunate soulsSo sadSo trueThey come flocking to me crying'Will you help us, pretty please?'And I help them!Yes I do!Those poor unfortunate souls ....User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(still in love with you) lyrics:She was all I ever wantedShe was all I ever needed and moreShe walked out my doorYeah she went awayLeft my heart in twoLeft me standing hereSinging all these bluesWooYou left without a single wordNot even sorryIt might've hurt worse to hear you say"I'm leaving, goodbye"But your smile still makes my heart singAnother sad songI can't forget itI won't regret itCause I'm still in love with youWe had fun under the sunAnd when winter came she'd be my angelWe were so in loveThen she went awayLeft my heart in twoLeft me standing hereSinging all these blues, yeahYou left without a single wordNot even sorryIt might've hurt worse to hear you say"I'm leaving, goodbye"But your smile still makes my heart singAnother sad songI can't forget itI won't regret itCause I'm still in love with youStill in love with youI don't know what hurts worse babySeeing you with him or being aloneOn my ownI know he doesn't love you babyNot like I didOh, what's the pointYou're not listening anywayYou left without a single wordNot even sorryIt might've hurt worse to hear you say"I'm leaving, goodbye"But your smile still makes my heart singAnother sad songI can't forget itI won't regret itCause I'm still in love with youYou left without a single wordNot even sorryIt might've hurt worse to hear you say"I'm leaving, goodbye"But your smile still makes my heart singAnother sad songI can't forget itI won't regret itCause I'm still in love with you ...User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(Hollywood)lyrics:As time was tickingWe were winningAnd it all was going as plannedPoliticians stand between theLines of making headlines, street signsSaying you're going the wrong wayFading faster nowChorusYou can try to break usAnd make us fall apartBut the fires in our heartsReminisce on memories cause we're goneAnd don't forget toHold back your thoughtsAnd live like robotsCause we all know what goes onReminisce on memories cause we're goneWe're gone, so goneVerse 2Fallen soldiers, all around usBut we're still standing strongEmbarrasing and contradictingCause now we're making headlines, primetimeSaying what a story!!Billboards, packed toursDon't forgetChorusYou can try to break usAnd make us fall apartBut the fires in our heartsReminisce on memories cause we're goneWe're gone, don't forget toHold back your thoughtsAnd live like robotsCause we all know what goes onReminisce on memories cause we're goneWe're gone, so goneAnd game over, you're done [you're done, woo, you're done]Outta left field, we won [we won, we won]Pack our bags, yeah we'll run [gonna run, yeah, we're gonna run]Hollywood here we comeChrousYou can try to break usAnd make us fall apartThe fires in our heartsReminisce on memories cause we're goneAnd don't forget toHold back your thoughtsAnd live like robotsCause we all know what goes onReminisce on memories cause we're goneWe're goneYou can try to break usAnd make us fall apartBut the fires in our heartsReminisce on memories cause we're goneUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(7:05)lyrics:We had a lot of good times when we were togetherAnd I thought we'd last foreverYou and II.M. for so long I couldn't wait to get your phone callDreaming 'bout you makes me feel alrightThat night you called me on the phoneSaid you had to stay at homeIs there something I should know?Yeah!I was fine til 7:05Til she walked out the door and right out of my lifeIf you're goneI'll move onBut it only would've taken two seconds to say goodbyeGoodbyeGoodbyeNight after your phone call me and friends were hanging at the mallI was not believing what I sawHolding hands with himand sitting closer than six inchesHope that she's not gonna kiss him nowHow can I call you friend?You stood me up in the endI know that it's overYeah!I was fine til 7:05Til she walked out the door and right out of my lifeIf your goneI'll move onBut it only would've taken two seconds to say goodbyeGoodbyeGoodbyeDon't keep telling meThat you're sorry nowBut let me tell youHow much this hurts me tooYeah!I was fine til 7:05Til she walked out the door and right out of my lifeIf you're goneI'll move onBut it only would have taken two seconds to say goodbyeGoodbyeGoodbyeI was fine til 7:05Til she walked out the door and right out of my lifeIf you're goneI'll move onBut it only would have taken two seconds to say goodbyeGoodbyeGoodbyeIt only would've taken two seconds to sayGoodbyeGoodbyeOhGoodbyeUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(austalia)lyrics:You never listen to meI know I'm better off aloneEverybody knows it's trueYeah we all see through youNo it won't be hard to doThrow away myself from youOoohAnd I'll wait for her to comeShe won't break my heart'cuz I know she'll be from AustraliaShe's so beautifulShe's my dream girlLa la la (la la), la la laShe's my dream girlYou were the one I thought INeeded, I'm better off aloneEverybody knows it's trueThey all know your secretsThe only thing you knew was trueHas just walked out of your lifeHow does it feelSo I'll wait for her to comeShe won't break my heart'cuz I know she'll be from AustraliaShe's so beautifulShe's my dream girlLa la la (la la), la la laShe's my dream girlAnd she will be there,to love and to careAnd no, there's no need to worryThe girl of my dreamsWho I know will beThere to hold me when I'm down Till she's aroundI'll just wait for her to comeShe won't break my heart'cuz I know she'll be from AustraliaShe's so beautifulShe's my dream girlLa la la, la la laShe's my dream girlOh yeahSo I'll wait (So I'll wait) for her (for her) to come(to come)She won't break my heart (she won't break my heart 'cuz I know she'll be)I know she'll be from AustraliaShe's so beautifulShe's my dream girlLa la la, la la laShe's my dream girlDream girlUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(games)lyrics:I'm waiting for you right outsideThe place we first locked eyes(Oh..)I feel like we're both loosing sightWe don't get to do this twiceAnd I wonder...Will you careWhen I'm goneAnd it's timeAnd I've really had enoughAnd I'm sorryFor the troubleThat's been costing us so muchSpiltting apart, its getting harder to tell what you wantSo bored with these games, gamesThe last time that I left these stepsWas after our first kissI wonder why you haven't shownI'll be leaving here aloneAnd I wonder...Will you careWhen I'm goneAnd it's timeAnd I've really had enoughAnd I'm sorryFor the troubleThat's been costing us so muchSpiltting apart, its getting harder to tell what you wantSo bored with these games, gamesI'm left in the darkI never thought you would be breaking my heartI'm so bored with these games, gamesWill you careWhen I'm goneAnd it's timeAnd I've really had enoughAnd I'm sorryFor the troubleThat's been costing us so muchSplitting apart, its getting harder to tell what you wantSo bored with these games, gamesUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(time for me to fly)lyrics:I've been wasting my timeI've been losing my mindI've been running racesStill don't know what I've been chasingBut my eyes still can seeBluer skies that wait for meAnd I'm on my way[Chorus]Time for me to flyTime for me to soarTime for me to open up my heart and knock on heavens doorTime for me to liveIt's time for me to singTime for me to lay down all my worries and I'll spread my wingsTime for me to fly[Verse 2]The earth can be a heavy rideWhen the clouds are in your eyesBut I feel a callingI will rise, I won't be fallingAnd I'll escape the gravityAnd I'll reach my destinyAnd I'll fly away[Repeat Chorus][Bridge]The gates of heaven will open wideI will beI will riseThere won't be compromiseAs I take to the open skies[chorus]I will fly awayI will fly awayI will fly awayI will fly awayI will fly awayI will fly awayUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(goodnight and goodbye)lyrics:This has been no walk in the parkI feel like we have fallen apartOpen up your eyes girl and see how wonderfulThis love could beHold on tightIt's a roller coaster ride we're on soSay goodbyeCause I won't be back againUp and down you're all aroundSay goodnight and goodbyeYou say you didn't mean to break my heartBut girl you did but I'm over itAdieu to you and all your gamesAnd all your crazy friendsThis is the endHold on tightIt's a roller coaster ride we're on soSay goodbyeCause I won't be back againUp and down you're all aroundSay goodnight and goodbyeWell girlI'm sorry for disappointing youBut I'm doneWith being up and down and pushed aroundNo moreHold on tightIt's a roller coaster ride we're on soSay goodbyeCause I won't be back againUp and down you're all aroundSay goodnight and goodbyeHold on tightIt's a roller coaster ride we're onSay goodbyeCause I won't be back againUp and down you're all aroundSay goodnight and goodbyeUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(i want to be like you)lyrics:Now I'm the king of the swingersOh, the jungle VIPI've reached the top and had to stopAnd that's what botherin' meI wanna be a man, mancubYeah, and stroll right into townI wanna be just like the other menI'm tired of monkeyin' aroundOh, oobee doo I wanna be like youI wanna walk like youTalk like you, tooYou'll see it's trueAn ape like meCan learn to be human tooNow don't try to kid me, mancubI made a deal with youWhat I desire is man's red fireTo make my dream come trueGive me the secret, mancubClue me what to doGive me the power of man's red flowerSo I can be like youOh, oobee doo I wanna be like youI wanna walk like youTalk like you, tooYou'll see it's trueAn ape like meCan learn to be human tooOh, oobee doo I wanna be like youI wanna walk like youTalk like you, too yeahOh, oobee doo I wanna be like youI wanna walk like youTalk like you, tooYou'll see it's trueAn ape like meCan learn to be human too yeah yeah oh yeahUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(one man show)lyrics:i feel like I'm gonna go insane,i keep hearing your voice call my name,in an empty room, girl, you're the one i see,let me tell you, girl , my history,I'm a one man show,i don't need no one,I'll be fine alone,oh yeah,you can call me but,i won't pick up my phone,cause I'm a one man show,oh yeah,i don't need you, girl[joe] girl you broke my heart and let me down.i'd be better off if you weren't aroundtook my love and threw it on hte groundsaying goodbye girl don't make a soundI'm a one man show,i don't need no one,I'll be fine alone,oh yeah,you can call me but,i won't pick up my phone,cause I'm a one man show,oh yeah,i don't need you, girl[joe] i was so blindnow i finally seeeverything you did to me[nick] and i thought it might changeand i could find a placewe'd be happy tooI'm a one man show,i don't need no one,I'll be fine alone,oh yeah,you can call me but,i won't pick up my phone,cause I'm a one man show,oh yeah (yeah)I'm a one man show,i don't need no one,I'll be fine alone,oh yeah,you can call me but,i won't pick up my phone,cause I'm a one man show,oh yeah,i don't need you, girlUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(underdog)lyrics:She's an underdogLives next door to meShe's always heardYou won't amount to anythingAnd it kills me to watchThe agony behind her eyesTragic the way people pass her byBut now I realizeThat everyone sees herBut nobody knows herShe screams in her pillowFor a better tomorrowShe hates itBut she takes itWatch out for that girlOne day she may change the worldShe's originalNever trying to fit inShe's got a wayTo always go against the grain [Oh yeah]Someday they'll seeHow beautiful she really isI know that last will be the firstThe table's gonna turn causeEveryone sees herBut nobody knows herShe screams in her pillowFor a better tomorrowShe hates itBut she fakes itWatch out for that girlOne day she may change the worldMaybe she'll be in a movieMaybe she'll be in a songBetter pay her some attentionBefore she's goneShe's an underdog [Yeah]She means the world to me [Yeah]Everyone sees herBut nobody knows herShe screams in her pillowFor a better tomorrowShe hates itBut she makes itWatch out for that girlOne day she may change the worldEveryone sees herBut nobody knows herShe screams in her pillowFor a better tomorrowShe hates itBut she makes itWatch out for that girlOne day she may change the worldUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(video girl)lyrics:Girl: Oh em gee, did you hear I'm dating a Jonas Brother? It's so hot!You met at work, shoulda known betterIt's gonna suck when the camera stops rollingAnd you find out soon that the treatment wasn't worth itThey're all the sameThey all want the moneyThey're all insaneThey live for fame, honeyThey laugh at you when you're not even being funnyWell I've been here beforeAnd I've seen first hand and front row seatThis little thing they call a video girlCHORUSVideo girl rocked my worldFor a whole two secondsAnd now I knowI'm not about to be another victimOf video girl syndromeGet out of my faceGet out of my spaceGet some class and kiss the past (?)'Cause I'm not about to be another victimOf video girl syndromeYou know it's bad when your mama doesn't like herAll your friends are saying she's a liarNever ending phone calls aren't enough(It's not enough, it's never enough)Move to L.A., got no talentNot even like you won a Miss Teen PageantDaddy pays your bills but you still whineWell I've been here beforeAnd I've seen first hand and front row seatWhat happens to a man when he gets in the hands of a...CHORUS REPEATYou are never gonna see me miss herVideo girl syndromeI'm not gonna be another victimOf video girl syndromeCHORUS REPEATI won't be a victim of video girl syndromeUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(inseperable)lyrics:Take my hand tonightWe can run so farWe can change the world to anything you wantWe can talk for hours just staring at the starsThey shine down to show usThat you know when the sun forgets to shineI'll be there to hold you through the nightAnd we'll be running so fast we can fly tonightAnd even when we're miles and miles apartYou're still holding all of my heartI promise it will never be darkI know we're inseparableWe could run forever if you wanted toAnd I would not get tiredBecause I'd be with youI keep singing this song until the very endWe have done all these thingsYou know when the sun forgets to shineI'll be there to hold you through the nightWe'll be runnin' so fast we can fly tonightAnd even when we're miles and miles apartYou'll still be holdin' all of my heartI promise it will never be darkI know we're inseparableI would give allTo never let you fallCause you know we're inseparableI would give it allJust to show you I'm in loveYea you know we're inseparableYou know when the sun forgets to shineI'll be there to hold you through the nightWe'll be runnin' so fast we can fly tonightAnd even when we're miles and miles apartYou'll still be holdin' all of my heartI promise it will never be darkI know we're inseparableUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)nick Jonas(don't tell anyone)lyrics:I wrote these lyrics for youAll by myselfWhat makes you think I need youOr anybody elseBut when you see me walkingJust staring at my feetCause I'm not all about youI'm already completeHope this doesn't make you cryBut I don't wanna make you mineI told you for the millionth timeThat I don't need you in my lifeBut you can see through meHow you get to meYou know I'm just a fraudI'm just afraidI feel the sameBut don't tell anyoneDon't tell anyoneI wake up thinking of youAnd that weirds me outI try hard not to call youBut I can't do withoutHearing your voice tell meThat I am on your mindIt wouldn't work to rush thisI'll come around in timeI hope that you can understandright now I don't know where I standI'd rather hide behind these wallsPretending I don't care at allBut you can see through meHow you get to meYou know I'm just a fraudI'm just afraidI feel the sameBut don't tell anyoneDon't tell anyoneLife keeps going onThe world keep spinning roundCan't we stop going in circlesAm I afraid of what they'll sayOr too confused to seeYou and meBut you can see through meHow you get to meYou know I'm just a fraudI'm just afraidI feel the sameBut don't tell anyoneDon't tell anyoneBut you can see through meHow you get to meYou know I'm just a fraudI'm just afraidI feel the sameBut don't tell anyoneDon't tell anyoneUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)(wrong again)lyrics:Wrong AgainFather I hate to tell you thisYou taught me how to hit the markAnd once again I missed.Touch the fireYou always said that I get burnedWhy is it so hard to remember?All the lessons I have learned.How could you look at me that way?When I have failed so many timesShowing me love you tell the worldThis child is mineHow could you walk that extra mile?I see forgiveness in your smileSo should you reject me?Wrong againOnce againLord I have wondered from a pathThought I knew a better wayFrom a shorter word you've askedStanding hereI don't deserve a second chanceAnd I can't conceal the shame of youThen more I can standWhen I look into your faceAnd see the power of your graceI find it so hard to believeForgiveness that you're showing meI see the answer in your eyesLove and mercy I realizedFinally the truth has set me freeI thought you was goingInstead you're just holyThought you would judgeInstead you just love meSo should you reject me?Wrong againUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(crazy kind of crush on you)lyrics:Woo!c'mon!you ready?here we go!First day at schoolI was trying to play it coolChillin with my friendstrying to pretendThat I didn't notice you3 rows down2nd to the leftyour big brown eyesand your brand new dressRight then I saw my dream come true(yea)Cause my knees got weakKnocked off my feetI tried but I couldn't find the words to speakI can't let go myheart says WOW!Girl I gotta let you knowI got this awesome amazing crazy kinda crush on youAnd though I try to forget youit doesn't Matter what I doOn my mind all the time it's a crime I can't deny it's true Cause I got this awesome amazing crazy Kinda crush on you crazy crazycrush on youOn the bus ride homeI saw you were aloneSo I took my chanceasked you to the danceAnd prayed you wouldn't say no!i just can't wait till Friday nightGonna hold your handwhen the time is rightCan't help but let my feelings show(yea)Im gonna walk you hometalk on the phonetell ya how im feelin when we're all alonegonna jump and shoutsing it out loudgirl you no there'll be no douti got this awesome amazing crazy kinda crush on youand though i try to forget youit doesnt't matter what i doon my mind all the time it's a crime i can't deny it's true cause i got this awesome amazing crazy kinda crush on you crazy crazycrush on youwoo!heya!crazy kinda crush on you!cause my knees got weakknocked off my feeti tried but i couldn't find the words to speaki can't let gomy heart says WOW!girl i gotta let you knowi got this awesome amazing crazy kinda crush on youand though i try to forget youit doesnt't matter what i doon my mind all the time it's a crime i can't deny it's true cause i got this awesome amazing crazy kinda crush on you crazy crazycrush on you!crazy crazycrush on youUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.81(appreciate)lyrics:And there's a man dyin' on the side of the roadWon't make it home tonightHe was driving fast on a cellular phoneThat's how he lived his lifeWhile he was hanging by a threadThese where the final words he said(Chorus)My girl turned sweet sixteen todayShe's beautifulSo BeautifulIt might get rough sometimesBut I hope she keeps her faith (Hope she keeps her faith)I wish I grabbed the chance to say to herLife is too short so take the time and appreciateAnd there's a woman crying on the kitchen floorShe gotta a call tonightAnd now she's trembling outside her daughters' doorWalks in and holds her tightWonderin' how or where to startIs there a way to shield her heart(Chorus)My girl turned sweet sixteen todayShe's beautifulSo BeautifulIt might get rough sometimesBut I hope she keeps her faith (Hope she keeps her faith)I wish I grabbed the chance to say to herLife is too short so take the time and appreciateAnybody lovin will (lovin will)Get hurt along the wayDon't be Afraid to open up (open up...)And use the time you have before it fadesShow your love today(Chorus)My girl turned sweet sixteen todayShe's beautifulSo BeautifulIt might get rough sometimes (It Might Get Rough sometimes)But I hope she keeps her faith (Hope she keeps her faith)I wish I grabbed the chance to say to herLife is too short so take the time and appreciateLife is too short so take the time and appreciateUser:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)User:68.44.198.8118:45, 25 Jan 2009 (UTC)~(♥a little bit longer♥)lyrics:Got the news todayBut they said i had to stayA little bit longer and i'd be fineWhen i thought it'd all be doneWhen I thought it'd all been saidA little bit longer and I'll be fine.But you don't know what you got 'til it's goneAnd you don't know what it's like to feel so lowAnd everytime you smile or laugh you glowYou don't even know, know, know.You don't even knowAll this time moves byStill no reason whyA little bit longer and I'll be fine.Waitin' on a cureBut none of them are sureA little bit longer and I'll be fineBut you don't know what you got 'til it's goneYou don't know what its like to feel so low.And everytime you smile or laugh you glowYou don't even know, know, know.You don't even know, know, know.You don't even know, noAnd you don't know what you got 'til it's gone.Don't know what it's like to feel so low, yeah!And everytime you smile or laugh you glow,You don't even know! yeah! woah!So I'll wait 'til kingdom come.All the highs and lows are gone.A little bit longer and I'll be fine.I'll be...finesorry not in order!
Economic reforms in India since 1991?
INDIATRYING TO LIBERALISE:ECONOMIC REFORMS SINCE 1991CHARAN D. WADHVA1INTRODUCTIONThe foundation of credible national security is based on the level ofeconomic prosperity and well-being of the population of any country. This isespecially so for developing countries like India. The attainment of sustainedhigh economic growth is a necessary condition for improving the nationalsecurity and the quality of life of the people throughout the country.Many developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including China andIndia where nearly one third of the world's population live, are currently goingthrough economic transitions. The central objective of transition througheconomic liberalization is to improve the competitive efficiency of theeconomy in the global marketplace to sustain accelerated rates of economicgrowth and thereby continuously improve the security and well being of thepeople.India launched its market-oriented economic reforms in 1991. Chinalaunched similar reforms from 1978 and is now well ahead of India inintegrating its national economy with the global economy. However, India isslowly but surely catching up in this race. The contrast in the experiences ofthese two countries with economic reforms under radically different politicalsystems is remarkable. While comparisons between China and India are oftenmade by development analysts and are inevitable when we discuss economictransitions in Asia, a more realistic assessment of the experiences of both thesemajor countries of Asia can only be made if we explicitly take into account thestark contrast in their political systems.In India, post-1991 economic reforms have been evolutionary andincremental in nature. There have been delays and reverses in some areas dueto the interplay of democratic politics, coalition governments, and pressuregroups with vested interests. However, each of the five successivegovernments that have held office in India since 1991 have carried on these1 I thank Dr. N K Paswan for his help in preparing the statistical tables included in this paper.259ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA260economic reforms, which have been based on market liberalization and alarger role for private enterprise.WHY THE POST-1990 REFORMS?It is well known that from 1951 to 1991, Indian policy-makers stuck to apath of centralized economic planning accompanied by extensive regulatorycontrols over the economy. The strategy was based on an 'inward-lookingimport substitution' model of development. This was evident from the designof the country's Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61), which had been heavilyinfluenced by the Soviet model of development.2 Several official and expertreviews undertaken by the government recommended incrementalliberalization of the economy in different areas, but these did not address thefundamental issues facing the economy.3India's economy went through several episodes of economic liberalizationin the 1970s and the 1980s under Prime Minsters Indira Gandhi and, later,Rajiv Gandhi. However, these attempts at economic liberalization were halfhearted,self-contradictory, and often self-reversing in parts.4 In contrast, theeconomic reforms launched in the 1990s (by Prime Minister P V NarasimhaRao and Dr. Manmohan Singh as his Finance Minister) were 'much wider anddeeper'5 and decidedly marked a 'U-turn' in the direction of economic policyfollowed by India during the last forty years of centralized economic planning.6THE DRIVING FORCES BEHIND THE REFORMSAs in many developing countries, India also launched its massive economicreforms in 1991 under the pressure of economic crises.7 The twin crises werereflected through an unmanageable balance of payments crisis and a socially2 See Government of India, Second Five-Year Plan, (New Delhi, 1956).3 Reference may be made to following illustrative books for tracking down these 'tinkering'changes in the thinking of Indian policy makers and planners : Bimal Jalan ed., The IndianEconomy: Reforms and Prospects, (New Delhi : Viking Publishers, 1991); Charan D Wadhva ed.,Some Problems of India's Economic Policy (New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill, 2ed 1977); and CharanD Wadhva, Economic Reforms in India and the Market Economy (New Delhi: Allied Publishers,1994), Ch. II.4 See for example, John Harris, 'The state in Retreat? Why has India experienced such HalfheartedLiberalization in the 80s? IDS Bulletin(Institute of Development Studies, Sussex,U.K.), Vol. 18, No. 4, 1987.5 Jeffrey D Sachs; Ashutosh Varshney; and Nirupam Bajpai eds., Indiain the Era of EconomicReforms (New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1991), p.1.6 Charan D Wadhva, Economic Reforms, op.cit., p.xviii7 For details of magnitude and diagnosis of causes of this economic crisis, see Ibid.CHARAN WADHVA261intolerably high rate of inflation that were building up in the 1980s andclimaxed in 1990-91.8 This can be seen from the data provided in Table 1.9The current account deficit as a percentage of GDP peaked at a high of 3.1percent (compared to an average level of 1.4 percent in the early 1980s). Theinflation rate (as measured by point-to-point changes in the Wholesale PriceIndex) had also climbed to the socially and politically dangerous double-digitlevel, hitting 12.1 percent in 1990-91.TABLE 1: SELECTEDMACRO ECONOMIC INDICATORS1989-2003Indicators 1989-90 1994-95 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03A. Growth of GDP (%) 5.6 6.3 6.1 4.4 5.6 4.4B. GDP Growth by Sectors (%):i. Agriculture & Allied 2.7 4.9 0.3 -0.4 5.7 -3.1ii. Industry, of Which Manufacturing 6.7 8.3 4.0 7.3 3.4 6.1iii. Services 6.7 6.0 10.1 5.6 6.8 7.1C. Inflation Rate (WPI Index (%)) 9.1 10.4 4.8 2.5 5.2 3.2D. Current Account Balance as % of GDP -3.1 -1.1 -0.5 -0.5 naE. Foreign Exchange Reserves (US $ Bn.) 3.37 19.65 35.06 39.55 51.05 69.89F. Exchange Rates (Rs/US $) 16.6 31.4 43.33 45.51 47.69 48.44G. Rate of Growth of :i. Exports (%) 18.9 18.4 10.8 21.0 -1.6 20.4ii. Imports (%) 8.8 22.9 17.2 1.7 1.7 14.5iii. Exports as % of GDP 6.4 9.6 9.1 10.4 9.9 naiv. Imports as % of GDP 9.3 10.5 12.4 11.8 11.6 naH. Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP 7.9 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.5I. Revenue Deficit as % of GDP 2.6 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.9J. Saving Ratio as % of GDP 22.3 24.9 24.1 23.4 24.0 naK. Investment as % of GDP 24.9 25.4 25.2 24.0 23.7 naSource: Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Economic Survey, (NewDelhi, various years).Most economic policy makers and analysts held widely convergent viewson the causes of the unprecedented economic crisis faced by India in 1990-91.The root cause of the twin crisis could be traced to macro-economicmismanagement throughout the 1980s as reflected in an unsustainably high8 This can be seen from all references cited in footnotes 1,2,4 and 5. In addition see, VijayJoshi and I.M.D. Little, India's Economic Reforms 1991-2001 (Delhi, Oxford University Press,1997).9 Other data used in the text (that is, not in the tables) is taken from Ministry of Finance,Government of India, Economic Survey (New Delhi, various years) unless otherwise noted.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA262fiscal deficit, in particular the revenue deficit and the monetized deficit.10 Thecentral government's fiscal deficit alone peaked at 7.9 percent as a percentageof GDP in 1989-90. Thus growing fiscal profligacy (and irresponsibility) andthe unviable financing patterns of the fiscal deficit prevailing in the 1980smade high levels of annual GDP growth (peaking at 5.6 percent in 1989-90)unsustainable.11 Foreign-exchange reserves dwindled to a low of US$2.2 billion(with less than 15 days' cover against annual imports). India stared bankruptcyin the face as it struggled to meet external debt obligations.Prime Minister Narasimha Rao converted the prevailing economic crisisinto an opportunity to launch massive economic reforms. First, he introducedan economist (rather than a politician) into the Cabinet as Finance Ministerand gave the new Minister his full support, allowing him to evolve andimplement path-breaking economic reforms. The new economic policiesradically departed from the economic policies and regulatory frameworkpursued in India during the previous forty years.12The Rao government recognized in 1991 that the time had come toreshape India's economic policies by drawing appropriate lessons from the'East Asian Miracle' based on more export-oriented and more globallyconnected strategies of development, as successfully practiced earlier by Japanand South Korea and also by the South East Asian tigers Malaysia, Singapore,Indonesia and Thailand.13 The East Asian development model had beenremarkably successful in achieving sustained high growth rates accompaniedby rapid growth in the living standards of the people in just two decades. Indiahad missed on both these fronts by relentlessly pursing import substitutionand a relatively closed economy model of development.The Rao government, after launching the relatively aggressive (by pastIndian standards) reforms, was soon confronted with the political constraintsof 'competitive populism' during elections held at the state level in 1993.Therefore, the government adopted a 'middle path', furthering the economic10 For further details, see Wadhva, Economic Reforms, op.cit., ch. I.11 Thus the claim that India had clearly transcended the so-called 'Hindu rate of growth' ofGDP at 3.5 percent per annum (trend annual growth rate) achieved for the two decades of1960s and 1970s and had moved over to higher annual average growth rate of 5.5 percent inthe 1980s could not be accepted since the latter jump proved to be financially unsustainable.12 The major economic reforms launched during the full five-year tenure of the NarasimhaRao Government (1991-96) are highlighted below.13 There are of course, lessons to be learnt by India from the 'East Asian debacle' of 1997-98(the so-called 'East Asian Financial Crisis) but these need not detract us here as most SouthAsian and Southeast Asian countries had overcome this crisis by 1999.CHARAN WADHVA263reforms in an 'incremental' fashion in order to continue to extending theirwidth and depth during the remainder of the government's term.The government took two years to get over the immediate macroeconomiccrisis, initially with the help of a balance of payments loan facilityfrom the International Monetary Fund. The government came out with a clearenunciation of its vision and the objectives of its economic reforms only afterregaining macro-economic stability. This was contained in the DiscussionPaper on Economic Reforms brought out by the Ministry of Finance in July1993. To quote:The fundamental objective of economic reforms is to bring aboutrapid and sustained improvement in the quality of the people ofIndia. Central to this goal is the rapid growth in incomes andproductive employment… The only durable solution to the curse ofpoverty is sustained growth of incomes and employment…. Suchgrowth requires investment: in farms, in roads, in irrigation, inindustry, in power and, above all, in people. And this investmentmust be productive. Successful and sustained development dependson continuing increases in the productivity of our capital, our landand our labour.Within a generation, the countries of East Asia have transformedthemselves. China, Indonesia, Korea, Thailand and Malaysia todayhave living standards much above ours…. What they have achieved,we must strive for.14MAJOR ECONOMIC REFORMSEconomic reforms launched since June 1991 may be categorized undertwo broad areas:?? major macro-economic management reforms; and?? structural and sector-specific economic reformsNaturally, the attention of the new government that took office in June1991 was primarily focused on crisis management dealing with the balance ofpayments. It was of the utmost importance to restore India's internationalcredibility by meeting its scheduled external debt liabilities and throughmaintaining a more realistic exchange rate consistent with market obligations.Achieving macro-economic stabilization was also an urgent priority,necessitating control of intolerably high inflation. It was recognized that14 Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs, 'EconomicReforms : Two Years After and the Task Ahead', Discussion Paper, New Delhi : July 1993,pp.1-2.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA264macro-economic stabilization would provide a sound foundation for mediumandlong-term structural economic reforms and accelerate the rate ofeconomic growth in a sustained manner. This would be possible by removingdistortions created by controls and by improving the competitive edge forIndian goods and services in global markets as well as in the markets of majorregional trading blocs.I describe below the major economic reforms, with greater focus onstructural economic reforms in selected sectors of the economy.15MACRO-ECONOMICMANAGEMENT REFORMSMacro-economic management reforms have focused on controlling thepolitically difficult problems of reducing the fiscal and (even more so) revenuedeficits. The capital account deficit does not pose long-term problems asinvestment in productive capital made in the present, if prudently carried out,will generate an adequate income stream to pay for capital costs incurred andgenerate positive returns in the future.India's problem is primarily in the area of revenue deficits. From 1950 to1980 the national budget was usually characterized by revenue surpluses andcapital account deficits . However, after 1980, all (democratic) governmentsfor political reasons had willingly allowed the revenue deficit to rise over theyears to dangerously high levels, and had found it increasingly difficult toreduce. The revenue deficits reflected an excess of annual consumptionexpenditure by the government over its annual income. The deficit was causedby excessive employment in the government sectors, uneconomical pricing ofgoods and services by public sector enterprises, a growing interest burden,mounting subsidies, and rising defense expenditures. Downsizing thegovernment (through the bureaucracy or public sector enterprises and banks)was also difficult and met staff resistance from the organized employees.Attempts at Reducing the Fiscal DeficitFaced with the necessity of reducing the fiscal deficit in the crisis year of1991-92, Finance Minister Singh attempted to reduce fertilizer and foodsubsidies in 1991-92 and to some extent in 1992-93. Simultaneously, he (andseveral subsequent finance ministers) resorted to the softer options ofreducing public investment expenditure and reducing public expenditure onsocial welfare services from 1991 to 1995. These measures did help reduce thefiscal deficit of the central government to 4.8 percent of GDP at the end of15 I have drawn upon various annual issues of Economic Survey produced by the Government ofIndia(Ministry of Finance) for this section.CHARAN WADHVA2651992-93. However, further cuts in fertilizer and food subsidies could not becarried out as these measures were opposed in Parliament and proved suicidalfor the ruling Congress Party, which lost power in state elections in 1993-94.Meanwhile, the fiscal position of the state governments also starteddeteriorating. The combined fiscal deficit of the central government and thestates climbed to the unacceptably high level of 10-11 percent of GDP in2002-03. Some state governments have begun to address their fiscal deficitproblems. The central government has recently started linking further transfersof resources to the states to the progress of state-specific economic reformsaimed at reducing deficits.16The good news for macro-economic management reforms is that the pre-1990 pattern of 'deficit financing' (that is, the printing of currency) to meet thefiscal deficit has now been effectively curbed. The autonomy of the centralbank (the Reserve Bank of India) in regulating the money supply to controlinflation has been assured within the limits of monetary policy. This has ledthe government to resort to larger and larger domestic borrowing.The bad news is that government borrowings have risen so high that theeconomy is moving towards an 'internal debt trap'.17 Further growth ofinternal debt needs to be curbed but the government is in no mood to closeoff this easy way of financing its rising fiscal deficit. The finances of most stategovernments are in even poorer shape and some have occasionally resorted tomarket borrowings to meet their payrolls.Tax ReformsSince 1991 several efforts have been made through the annual budgetprocess to achieve tax reforms.18 These have focused on: (i) expanding the taxbase by including services (not previously taxed); (ii) reducing rates of directtaxes for individuals and corporations; (iii) abolishing most export subsidies,(iv) lowering import duties (covered below by us under structural reformsrelating to trade policies/external sector); (v) rationalizing sales tax andreducing the cascading effect of central indirect taxes by introducing aModified Value Added Tax and a soon-to-be implemented nationwide ValueAdded Tax; (vi) rationalizing both direct and indirect taxes by removingunnecessary exemptions; (vii) providing for tax incentives for infrastructure16 For details see Government of India, Economic Survey 2002-03.17 It is estimated that the interest payments currently pre-empt more than 60 percent of thetotal revenue of the central government leaving very little resources for fresh publicinvestment. See Economic Survey 2002-03.18 For details see the relevant official annual documents for the Union Budget usuallypresented by the Finance Minister to the Parliament each year on February 28, 2003.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA266and export-oriented sectors, including setting up special (Export) EconomicZones; and (viii) simplification of procedures and efforts for improving theefficiency of the tax administration system especially throughcomputerization.19Resource Generation through DivestmentThe governments of India, both at the central and state government levels,have initiated divestment programs to sell government equity in severalpublic-sector enterprises. Unfortunately, the sales proceeds have mostly beenused to finance fiscal deficits rather than for fresh public investment, socialsectorspending, or reducing the interest burden on ballooning public debt.STRUCTURAL ECONOMICREFORMSStructural reforms since 1991 have been sector-specific. The sectorssubjected to reform have been carefully selected and the coverage of sectorsunder structural reforms has been extended over time. The major structuraleconomic reforms carried out since 1991 have been primarily in the followingareas: Trade Policy/External Sector; Industrial Policy; Infrastructural SectorPolicies; Divestment/Privatization Policies; the Financial Sector; and inPolicies for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment.20The thrust of the reforms in all areas has been to open India's markets tointernational competition, remove exchange rate controls, encourage privateinvestment and participation in industry and, in the finance markets, toliberalise access to foreign capital and to ensure that foreign investment is notpenalized merely for being foreign.2119 For the latest proposals for tax reforms, see the two (published) reports of the Committeeon Reforms of Direct and Indirect Taxes (Chairman Dr. Vijay L Kelkar), New Delhi :Government of India, Ministry of Finance, 2003.20 It may be pointed out that in the vital areas of macro-economic policy including fiscal policymonetary policy and exchange rate policy, there is an overlap between macroeconomicstabilization policies and structural reforms. The long-term growth inducing roles of all macroeconomicpolicies can be considered under structural reforms. We focus here on sectorspecificreforms although overlaps exist with agro-economic policies in our discussion. For anannual overview of structural reforms carried out in India, see Government of India EconomicSurvey for the relevant year (latest available being 2002-03).21 Financial sector reforms were initiated on the basis of two reports by the NarasimhamCommittee. Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Report of the Committee on FinancialSystem (Chairman : Mr. M Narasimham), New Delhi : November 1991; and Report of theCommittee on Banking Sector Reforms (Chairman : Mr. M Narasimham), New Delhi 1996.CHARAN WADHVA267Reorientation of PlanningConsistent with the spirit of the market-oriented and private sector-ledeconomic reforms launched since 1991, the government has reoriented therole of planning in India. It has been recognized that market forces and thestate should be given roles that play to their comparative advantages and thatthey should work together as partners in the economic development of thenation. While private initiative should be encouraged in most areas of businessactivities, the state should increasingly play a pro-active role in areas in whichthe private sector is either unwilling to act or is incapable of regulating itself inthe social interest. The areas in which the state has a comparative advantageover the private sector include poverty alleviation programs; human resourcedevelopment; provision of social services such as primary health and primaryeducation; and similar activities categorized as building human capital andsocial infrastructure. The state also has a new role in setting up independentregulatory authorities to encourage genuine competition and to oversee theprovision of services by the private sector in critical areas such as utilities,water supply, telecommunications, and stock market operations to avoid the illeffects of speculation and to maintain a workable balance between the interestsof the producer and the consumers.Economic liberalization in the organized manufacturing sector (subjectedto rigid labor laws for retrenchment) has led to growth with very littleadditional employment. This can create serious social unrest and fertile groundfor terrorist and other anti-social activities that attract unemployed youths inthe absence of gainful employment. Market-based economic reforms alsooften lead to increasing disparities between the rich and the poor and betweeninfrastructurally backward and more developed states. The government has tointervene and calibrate the contents and speed of market-based economicreforms to more effectively address the specific areas of 'market failures andweaknesses' to optimize growth with social justice.The new role assigned to planning, consistent with market-based economicliberalization, can perhaps best be illustrated with the goals and the strategiesincorporated in India's Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-07).22 The Plan hastargeted an annual growth rate of eight percent. Along with this growth target,the government has laid down targets for human and social development.Timely corrective actions will be proposed to ensure growth is accompaniedby social justice. The key indicators of human and social development targeted22 See, Government of India, Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 (in three volumes) (New Delhi :Planning Commission, 2002).ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA268under this Plan include: a reduction of the poverty rate by five percentagepoints by 2007; providing gainful employment to at least those who join thelabor force during 2002-07; education for all children in schools by 2003; andan increase in the literacy rate to 75 percent by March 2007.The development strategy adopted for the Tenth plan envisages:redefining the role of Government in the context of the emergenceof a strong and vibrant private sector, the need for provision ofinfrastructure and the need for imparting greater flexibility in fiscaland monetary policies. With a view to emphasizing the importanceof balanced development of all states, the Tenth plan includes astate-wise break-up of broad developmental targets including targetsfor growth rates and social development consistent with nationaltargets. The Tenth Plan has emphasized the need to ensure equityand social justice, taking into account the fact that rigidities in theeconomy can make the poverty-reducing effects of growth lesseffective. The strategy for equity and social justice consists of makingagricultural development a core element of the Plan, ensuring rapidgrowth of those sectors which are most likely to create gainfulemployment opportunities and supplementing the impact of growthwith special programs aimed at target groups.23THE POLITICAL ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF THE REFORMSIndia's heterogeneity and unity in diversity through a stable democraticsystem must be appreciated. A country like India, with more than one billionpeople, some 16 officially recognized major languages, and vast ethnic andreligious diversities, poses major governance challenges. India has achievedremarkable success in holding the country together.India had governed its economy through a policy regime of centralizedplanning accompanied by an extensive regulatory framework for more thanforty years before it launched economic reforms in 1991. It has, therefore, notbeen easy to change the mindsets of policy makers (especially at the lowerlevels of bureaucracy) and of other beneficiaries of the entrenched regime.Building a political consensus on economic reforms across the variouspolitical parties with their vastly different ideologies has been a very difficultprocess. This has been especially true under coalition governments but alsoeven when a single party has held a majority. Consensus building and reform23 As summarized in Government of India, Economic Survey 2002-03, pp.41-42.CHARAN WADHVA269implementation is complicated further when the central government and thestates are in the hands of different parties (or coalitions).The rapidly increasing frequency of elections at the central and state levelsduring the post-1990 period of economic reforms has led the incumbentgovernments and the contesting opposition parties to resort to 'vote-bank'politics or 'competitive populism'. The vested interests of groups such as tradeunions, producers with licenses and holding monopoly interests, andbureaucrats with 'rent seeking' capabilities have often scuttled or delayedfurther market-based economic reforms. These factors explain well India's'stalled' reforms in certain areas directly hurting vested interests of selectedlobby groups.24 The growth of regional parties and their assumption of powerin many Indian states has further delayed the percolation of central-leveleconomic reforms down to the state level.Weiner has recommended the need for a change in the mindsets of statepolicy makers:The pursuit of market-friendly policies by state governments requiresa change in the mindsets of state politicians, new skills within thestate bureaucracies, and a different kind of politics. Morefundamentally, it requires rethinking on the part of state politicians,activists in non-governmental organizations, journalists andpolitically engaged citizens as to what is the proper role ofgovernment, and how and to what end limited resources should beused.25Considering the compulsions arising from the above political factors,Montek S. Ahluwalia explains the rational for adopting the 'gradualist'approach in implementing of economic reforms and the resultant 'frustratinglyslow' pace of reforms (compared to East Asian standards):The compulsions of democratic politics in a pluralist society made itnecessary to evolve a sufficient consensus across disparate (and oftenvery vocal) interests before policy change could be implemented andthis meant that the pace of reforms was often frustratingly slow.Daniel Yergin (1998) captures the mood of frustration when hewonders whether the Hindu rate of growth has been replaced by theHindu rate of change!2624 See, 'Introduction' in Jeffrey D. Sachs, Ashutosh Varshney and Nirupam Bajpai, op.cit.25 Myron Weiner, 'The regionalization of India's Politics and It's Implications for EconomicReforms' in Ibid., Ch. 8, pp.292-3.26 Montek S Ahluwalia, 'India's Economic Reforms: An Appraisal', in Ibid., pp.26-27. See alsoDaniel Yergin, The Commanding Heights, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA270Finally, most (if not all) political parties implementing market-basedeconomic reforms since 1990 have failed to 'market' these reforms to themasses as being highly beneficial for them. The opposition parties have oftentermed these reforms as 'pro-rich' and 'anti-poor'. Ironically, even theCongress Party, which initiated the economic reforms when in power, has, asan opposition party, opposed some of them (such as further public-sectordivestments) Varshney has made a valid distinction between 'elite-based'reforms versus 'mass-based' reforms. Market-based reforms have not drawnmass appeal nor aroused mass passions. This dichotomy between the concernsof the urban elite and the mass of the population has clearly defined the limitsto economic reforms in India.27STATE-LEVEL ECONOMIC REFORMSTo increase the effectiveness of the post-1990 economic reforms, theymust be simultaneously extended from central to state governments and belowto the third tier of local governments.The maladies afflicting the finances of the state governments are similar innature to those afflicting the central finances described earlier. According tothe Reserve Bank of India, the Gross Fiscal Deficit of all the states of India(including the Union Territories) was estimated at 3.3 percent in 1991-92.28Throughout the 1990s the state governments also experienced a rapid rise intheir revenue expenditures mainly through salaries, pensions, interest paymentsand subsidies (including free power to farmers in some states out of politicalconsiderations). This trend has 'severely constrained the states' ability toundertake development activities' and to devote more funds to provide socialservices such as primary education.29 The situation worsened after the stateswere forced to follow the center to implement generous pay increases forgovernment employees recommended by the Fifth Central Pay Commission in1997-98.Despite initial resistance in the Communist Party-ruled state of WestBengal, all state governments (including West Bengal), in their own ways andsuiting their own conditions, implemented economic reforms in the 1990s andare continuing these reforms broadly in line with the ongoing nationaleconomic reforms. This owes in part to enlightened self-interest combined27 For further details, see Ashutosh Varshney, 'Mass Politics or Elite Politics?', in Jeffrey DSachs, Ashutosh Varshney and Nirupam Bajpai, op.cit., Ch.7.28 Reserve Bank of India, 'Finances of state Governments : 1992-93', in the Reserve Bank ofIndiaBulletin, March 1993.29 Government of India, Economic Survey 2002-03, op.cit, p.5.CHARAN WADHVA271with a healthy competitive spirit designed to improve their position andranking among the states. There is also the states' desire to avail themselves oflarger transfers of development funds from the center, which the centralgovernment linked to economic reforms at the state level. Every state hasrecognized the need to attract private investment flows from both domesticand foreign investors. State governments have therefore progressivelyliberalized their policies and procedures on a competitive basis. Several ofthem have also explicitly recognized the need to improve human resourcedevelopment and have progressively expanded activities to provide a betterquality of life to the population of their states.Incentives and ConditionalitiesThe government of India has introduced a scheme called the States' FiscalReforms Facility (2000-05). Under the Facility, the central government set up afive-year incentive fund 'to encourage states to implement monitorable fiscalreforms'. Additional amounts by way of 'open market borrowings' are allowedif the state is faced with a structural adjustment burden. State governmentsmay draw up a Medium Term Fiscal Reforms Programme (MTFRP) to achievespecified targeted reductions in their consolidated fiscal deficit, especially therevenue deficit.The coverage of the MTFRP has been extended to cover a Debt SwapScheme in order to help state governments reduce their growing public debt.This scheme is designed to help liquidate the burden of high-cost loans takenfrom the central government through the allocation of additional marketborrowings at currently prevailing lower interest rates.The major structural reforms carried out by several state governmentsinclude:(i) Measures to improve quality of life through improvements in basicpublic services such as primary health, primary education, and ruralinfrastructural services such as electricity, water, and roads. Madhya Pradeshhas brought out the first state-level Human Resource Development Report. Otherstates have followed suit. The Planning Commission has also published acomprehensive National Human Development Reportassessing humandevelopment nationwide and in the major states.30(ii) Clustering high-tech industries and services (for example, in softwareparks).30 Government of India, National Human Development Report 2001 (New Delhi : PlanningCommission, 2002).ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA272(iii) Setting up Special Economic Zones and Agri-Economic Zones topromote exports.(iv) Formulating state-level industrial policies to attract investments.(v) Power-sector reforms that restructure state Electricity Boards byseparating generation, transmission and distribution activities, encouragingindependent power producers in the private sector to invest in the powersector, and setting up independent state Electricity Regulatory Authorities.THE PERFORMANCE OF THE INDIAN ECONOMYDespite the slow pace of implementation of the economic reforms andcertain hiccups and delays caused primarily by the compulsions of democraticpolitics, the performance of the Indian economy under the reforms carried outso far shows a mixed picture of notable achievements and weaknesses. Theperformance has been impressive on some fronts, satisfactory on several otherfronts, and inadequate in certain respects. India has still to launch deeper (socalled'second-generation') reforms in various areas to get the best results.Areas of Impressive PerformanceThrough reform, India overcame its worst economic crisis in theremarkably short period of two years. Macro-economic stabilization reforms(along with structural economic reforms) were launched in June 1991.Through prudent macro-economic stabilization policies including devolutionof the rupee and other structural economic reforms the balance of paymentscrisis was clearly over by the end of March 1994. Foreign exchange reserveshad risen to the more than adequate level of US$15.07 billion and the currentaccount deficit as a percentage of GDP was nearly eliminated. Export growthrate at 20.0 percent in 1993-94 over the previous year was quite encouraging.Macro-economic stability has endured in the ten years of economicreforms to 2003. Foreign-exchange reserves peaked at US$70 billion at the endof March 2003 (and touched US$80 billion in June 2003).31 The currentaccount 'recorded a surplus-equivalent to 0.3 percent of GDP-in 2001-02'.32 Food stocks with the Food Corporation of India, held to ensure nationalfood security, peaked at sixty million tons (compared to the required twentymillion tons). It took longer to control inflation but this led to relatively moreenduring results (excluding the impact of externally determined fuel prices).Since 2002, the country has enjoyed a low interest-rate regime. These31 The Rupee had started appreciating against US$ after April 2003.32 Government of India, Economic Survey 2002-03, op.cit., p.3.CHARAN WADHVA273performance indicators have helped to provide an 'enabling environment forthe macroeconomic policy stance.'33India has also increasingly integrated its economy with the global economy.After half a century of inward-orientation, the share of India's trade as aproportion of GDP rose from 13.1 percent in 1990 to 20.3 percent in 2000. ByIndian standards this is an impressive performance.India's economy has also successfully moved into a higher trajectory ofgrowth and displayed strong dynamism in selected sectors. This encouragingperformance brightens the prospects for stepping up India's growth rate andimproving the competitive edge in the years to come through furtherappropriate economic reforms.The average annual growth rate of 5.8 percent achieved by the Indianeconomy during the years of economic reforms since 1992 is encouraging.Currently, after China, India is among the fastest-growing countries in Asia.Since the annual rate of population growth has slowed significantly to nearly1.8 percent during the 1990s, per capita income has been growing at a healthierreal rate of four percent per annum.India's growing middle class of more than 350 million people, with areasonably affluent standard of living, provides a huge market for foreigncorporations, especially since April 2003, when all quantitative restrictions onimports were lifted.Along with its fairly good growth rate (which, however, is far below thepotential growth rate of eight percent targeted by India's Tenth Five-YearPlan), India has been successful in reducing poverty. The poverty ratio (that is,people below the poverty line as a percentage of the population) as estimatedby the Planning Commission at the national level came down from 36 percentin 1993-94 to 26.1 percent in 1999-2000. The poverty ratio during this perioddeclined both in rural areas and in urban areas. There is little doubt thatpoverty in India has been reduced during the last decade. The PlanningCommission has set a poverty ratio target of 19.3 percent by the end of theTenth Plan period (to March 2007).An important indicator of gains from economic reforms, reflecting theattractiveness of India as an investment destination, is shown by the increasinginflows of both FDI and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) into India.Inflows of both FDI and FII into India has increased in the decade to 2002.On average, according to the Ministry of Finance's Economic Survey, India has33 Reserve Bank of India, Annual Report 2001-02, Mumbai, Reserve Bank of India, p.1.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA274been attracting US$2.5 billion to US$3 billion and nearly US$4 billion in 2001-02 in FDI per annum mostly in various infrastructural sectors such as largepower and telecommunication projects.India's economy under the reforms has made rapid strides in selectedindustrial areas and knowledge- and skill-intensive services. These specificgrowth areas have experienced significant restructuring under morecompetitive conditions in the marketplace through mergers and acquisitionsand technological and managerial innovations. This has led to the achievementof recognizable increases in international competitiveness in a number ofsectors including auto components, telecommunications, software,pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, research and development, and professionalservices provided by scientists, technologists, doctors, nurses, teachers,management professionals and similar professions. The spillover effects ofIndia's increasing international competitiveness have helped in improving therate of growth of export earnings. They have also directly benefited Indianconsumers by making better quality, lower-priced goods available.Areas of WeaknessThe most notable weakness of the reform process has been in fiscalconsolidation. Indian governments at both the central and state levels havefailed miserably to reign in growing revenue deficits and reduce the overallfiscal deficit. The foundations for a sustainable high growth rate in anyeconomy lie in maintaining fiscal discipline. This has not been adequatelyachieved by Indian policymakers. Excessive use of market borrowing to coverbudget deficits has often put upward pressure on interest rates and pre-empted('crowded out') borrowings by the private sector. The structure of revenueexpenditure and political obstacles to any reduction of subsidies anddownsizing the government at all levels have been primarily responsible forthe lack of progress on fiscal reforms. The real issue in restructuringgovernment finances is 'right-sizing' the government by adequately increasinggovernment expenditure on infrastructure of both the hard and soft varieties,based upon growing resources.India's record on social development expenditure has been poorconsidering Indian requirements and poor also in relation to many developingcountries, including some of the least developed countries in Sub-SaharanAfrica. The abysmally low ranking of India on the Human DevelopmentIndices computed by the United Nations bears testimony to this assertion.34Dreze and Sen remarked in 1995 that India's social development indicators in34 United Nations, Human Development Report, available annually at http://hdr.undp.org.CHARAN WADHVA2751991 (when reforms were launched) were lower than in several East andSoutheast Asian countries three decades ago.35India must bridge this social development gap by significantly increasing itspublic expenditure on social services if it wishes to achieve the targeted annualgrowth rate of eight percent set by the country's Tenth Plan. As Ahluwalia hasremarked, larger investment in the social sectors is 'necessary not only becausesocial development is an end in itself, but also as a precondition of acceleratinggrowth'.36The massive shift required in the pattern of government expenditure inIndia in favor of social sectors and infrastructure can only be carried outthrough structural fiscal reforms. The Fiscal Responsibility and BudgetManagement (FRBM) Act (2003) provides for complete elimination of therevenue deficit by 31 March 2008. This Act is, therefore, a step in the rightdirection. Despite 'dilution' of the original draft bill, it is important legislationbecause it sets the condition that the government can run a fiscal deficit only ifborrowings are made to finance investments which will enhance productivecapacity'.37Another major weakness of the Indian economic reforms is the economy'sexperience with 'jobless growth' in the post-1990 period. Rigid labor lawsrelating to retrenchments have constricted growth in the organizedmanufacturing sector. As a labor surplus country, there already exists a hugebacklog of both 'open' and 'disguised' unemployment. With a growingpopulation, every year adds to the labor force. Economic reforms haveaccelerated growth but failed to generate adequate employment. For example,the rural unemployment rate, after declining to 5.61 percent in 1993-94, roseto 7.21 percent in 1999-2000 as did the All-India (urban plus rural) rate ofunemployment. If this disturbing trend is allowed to continue, it will breedsocial unrest and add to the ranks of terrorists and other anti-social elements inthe country.Last but not least, the reforms have led to growing disparities betweenricher and poorer states (more and less developed, especially in terms ofinfrastructure) within India. Although the all-India average annual growth ratein the reform era has been on the order of 5.8 percent, this masks wide35 Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunities, (New Delhi :Oxford University Press, 1995).36 M S Ahluwalia, op.cit., p.74.37 C Rangarajan, 'Focus on Revenue Deficit', Business Line (New Delhi), June 10, 2003, p.4ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA276variations in inter-state growth rates, growth of per capita income, and socialdevelopment.Most state governments are not well prepared to meet the challengesposed by globalization. The farming sector and the innumerable small-scaleindustrial units are vulnerable to the impact of global competition. Thegovernment and economic players in the private sector need to work moreclosely as partners to evolve strategies to meet the challenges of globalcompetition more effectively.THE ECONOMY IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENAThe Indian economy has been moving towards closer integration with theglobal economy and with the leading regional trading blocs. This can be seenusing three indicators: (i) Trade in goods and services as a proportion of GDP;(ii) Gross Private Capital (In)flows; and (iii) Gross Foreign Direct Investmentas a proportion of GDP. In all three areas, China has had the mostoutstanding performance and is clearly far ahead of India. However, within theconstraints of democratic politics (which have forced India to adoptincremental and relatively 'softer' economic reforms), and despite being a latestarter in the economic reform process, India can be seen to have done'reasonably well' in globalizing its economy. The ratio of trade to GDPincreased from 13.1 percent in 1990 to 20.3 percent in 2000. The proportionof Gross Capital Inflows to GDP during the same period increased from 0.8percent to 3.0 percent. Gross Foreign Direct Investment as a percentage ofGDP (which was zero in 1990) rose to 0.6 percent in 2000.India's trading relations with major regional trading blocs in 1990 and 2000can be seen in Table 2. For the year 2000, APEC countries were India's largesttrading partners, accounting for 47.4 percent of India's global exports and 57.4percent of global imports. India has, therefore, shown keen interest in joiningthis forum. Unfortunately, APEC has currently imposed a moratorium on newmembership.There is naturally a sharp contrast between India and East Asian countriesin their relative rates of export growth due to sharp differences in their exportstrategies. The contrast is the sharpest when we compare India and China forthe period 1950-2000. In 1950, both had roughly similar shares in world trade.China pursued a more aggressive export strategy in 1978 when it createdexport-oriented Special Economic Zones in Southern China. By 2000, Chinahad captured around 4.0 percent of world trade. In contrast, India's share ofworld trade had stagnated at around 0.5 percent for the three decades 1960-90CHARAN WADHVA277due to its inward-looking policies.38 By 2000, this share had moved up to 0.7percent. India has formulated and is further strengthening its latest Medium-Term Export Strategy (MTES) (2002-07), coinciding with the period of theTenth Five-Year Plan.TABLE 2: TRENDS ANDPROJECTIONS FOR INDIA'SEXTERNAL TRADE 2000-2025Year Exports to Imports from1990 2000 2020 1990 2000 2020Actual/Projected A P p A P PIndia's Global Exportsand Imports (US $Billion)18.2 37.1 63.6 23.3 41.3 61.21. APEC-21 52.06 47.4 43.44 40.98 58.68 57.412. ASEAN-10 4.99 6.87 7.38 6.92 9.41 13.13. BIMSTEC-4 2.91 4.65 5.45 1.55 1.28 1.454. BISTEC-3 2.9 4.51 5.3 1.55 0.8 0.985. EU-15 27.6 24.76 25.14 36.62 25.72 23.796. GCC-6 5.21 7.17 7.71 8.7 21.05 32.577. IOR-ARC-18 13.55 19.26 22.22 13.4 20.93 30.768. NAFTA-3 17.13 19.65 16.08 11.2 10.14 11.019. SAARC-7 2.65 4.12 4.52 1.78 0.47 0.68Note : A-Actual and P-ProjectedAPEC - 21: Asia Pacific Economic CooperationASEAN-10: Association of South East NationsBIMSTEC-4: Bangladesh-India-Myanmar-Sri Lanka-Thailand EconomicCooperationBISTEC-3:Bangladesh-India-Sri Lanka-Thailand Economic CooperationEU-15: European UnionGCC-6: Gulf Cooperation CouncilIOR-ARC-19: Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional CooperationNAFTA-3: North America Free Trade AreaSAARC-7: South Asia Association for Regional CooperationSource : Charan D. Wadhva, "India's External Sector" Chapter - 12 in theReport of Research Project on India-2025: A Study of the Social, Economic and PoliticalStability, Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, May, 2003.38 As per World Bank's annual World Development Report, various issues and other sources.ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA278The MTES for 2002-07 envisages the achievement of India's target of onepercent of global trade by 2007 and provides sector-wide targets for nicheproducts and targets for selected niche markets.39 The active participation ofstate governments is being sought in establishing and strengthening SpecialEconomic Zones (SEZ) modeled on Chinese SEZs and setting up Agri-Economic Zones to provide a strong push to raise the country's export growthrate. The development of world-class infrastructure in the SEZs will take moretime. A new labor policy regime allowing freedom for entrepreneurs in theSEZs to 'hire and fire' labor according to the needs of the market (aspermitted in the highly successful Chinese SEZs) will have to be put in placeto maximize gains from India's SEZs. As of May 2003, eight SEZs had beenapproved and have became operational. More such SEZs will be set up inIndia in the future.India is trying its best to liberalize and to transform itself into a globalplayer of consequence in the world economy by 2020. It has been ranked bythe World Bank as the world's fourth-largest nation in terms of the size ofGNP measures in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in 2001. Ahead ofIndia in 2001 on this front were only Japan, the US, and China. The WorldBank has projected that by the year 2020, China will take the top spot,followed by India.India's economy clearly is on the move and most certainly has the potentialto emerge as a global economic power within next twenty to twenty-five years.However, this potential can be made a reality only if India mobilizes adequatepolitical will and quickly commits itself to design and fully implement the nextphase deeper 'second-generation reforms'.The concept of 'second-generation' reforms has been in the making forsome years. However, these are yet to take concrete shape. Considering thatIndia currently has no social security system in place for nearly 90 percent ofits labor force employed in the unorganized sectors, India needs to evolve awell-calibrated approach to its future economic reforms. This would also benecessary to meet the challenges posed by the further intensification of theprocess of globalization. However, clear prioritization of future economicreforms in India will have to be laid down during implementation of the mostcritically needed 'second-generation reforms'.39 Government of India, Export Import Policy 2002-07, New Delhi : Ministry of Commerce2002.CHARAN WADHVA279THE NEXT GENERATION OF REFORMSThe following are ten recommended areas of special focus in the secondgeneration of economic reforms:1. Political Reforms for Good Governance;2. Re-engineering the Role of the government;3. Administrative and Legal Reforms;4. Strategic Management of the Economy with a focus on knowledgebasedHRD Activities;5. Fiscal Prudence;6. Agricultural Sector Reforms;7. Industrial Restructuring;8. Labor Sector Reforms;9. Foreign Trade and Outward Investment Policies;10. Financial Sector Reforms.Political Reforms for Good GovernancePolitical reforms are urgently required in concert with economic reforms.40Both are essential to ensure good governance. A paradigm shift is required inthe prevailing system of governance. Serving the people and putting theirinterests above the interests of the ruling elite must be the prime motivatingforce driving the reformed system of governance. Good governance can beensured through the provision of an adequate quantity of public services andby improving their quality. Indian politicians need to become fully aware of thecosts and benefits of economic reforms. Ruling politicians with limited termsin office are often guided by narrow and short-term motivations whileformulating policies in the national interest. The Indian public at large alsoneeds to be thoroughly educated on the inevitable need to bear short-termpain in order to reap the somewhat uncertain longer-term gains fromeconomic reforms.Economic reforms in the future must be more people-centered. They mustbe given a human face so as to continuously enhance the socialempowerments of the poorer and most vulnerable sections of the society.They must be gender-sensitive to improve the status of women and girls. Theburden of adjustment to structural reforms must be more heavily borne by thericher sections of the society. Appropriate electoral reforms, including state40 For a discussion of the required political reforms in India, see Subhash C. Kashyap, PoliticalReforms for Good Governance: A Policy Brief (New Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2003).ECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA280funding of elections, will help to reduce the lobbying power of the entrenchedvested interests.Re-Engineering the Role of the GovernmentReforms must be aimed at 'right-sizing' (often involving downsizing) thegovernment. Governments must specialize in performing roles that they canperform better than free-market private enterprise. The government mustexpand its role in areas such as the provision of public goods, especiallyprimary health, primary education and the creation of social infrastructures.The role of the Planning Commission must be changed to that of a strategicthink tank. The mindset of the politicians and the administrators needs to bechanged to accept the re-engineered role of government in the context ofmarket-oriented economic reforms. The intensification of economic reformsat the state level needs to be given a higher priority in the future since mostsocial services and infrastructural activities are primarily the responsibility ofthe state governments.Administrative and Legal ReformsNo matter how good the design and intent of economic reforms, theirsuccess ultimately depends on efficient and speedy implementation throughsensitive and responsive administrative and legal systems. Transparency andaccountability must be guiding principles for the formulation andimplementation of policies and procedures. Improved administrative systemsshould be devised to ensure that merit subsidies directly benefit the targeted(generally the underprivileged) sections of society. Legal support servicesshould be made available with more public funding and must be strengthenedto provide justice to genuinely aggrieved sections of society more quickly andaffordably.41 Second-generation economic reforms also must focus onchanging the mindset of administrators (especially at the grass-roots level) andof the judiciary (especially at the lower level) to support administrative andlegal reforms that synergize with economic reforms for maximizing socialwelfare.Strategic Management of the EconomyMacroeconomic management must be dovetailed with a well-formulatedstrategic national vision for the economy for the year 2020 (and beyond).Clarity, transparency and accountability (through identifiable responsibilitycenters) with properly designed incentive (and disincentive) systems should bethe guiding principles governing strategic management of the economy. An41 See Subhash C Kashyap (ed.), The Citizen and Judicial Reforms under Indian Polity (New Delhi :Universal Law Publishing Company, 2002).CHARAN WADHVA281appropriate code of conduct should be evolved and observed by economicactors under a new managerial system of governance. The strategicmanagement of the Indian economy in the twenty-first century must focus onhuman resource development to promote knowledge-based and skill-intensiveeconomic activities in line with India's dynamic competitive advantage.Fiscal PrudenceThe fiscal deficit (especially the revenue deficit) needs to be quicklyreduced. India must sincerely implement the Fiscal Responsibility and BudgetManagement Act . Simultaneous action is required at both central and statelevels to raise the tax-to-GDP ratio by expanding the tax base (for example, bytaxing services and rich agriculturists) and improving tax administration (forexample, through computerization). The revenue deficit must be brought tozero within five years.Agricultural Sector ReformsWhile some agricultural reforms have already been carried out, these arehighly inadequate. Primacy must be given to the agriculture sector in all futurereforms since many more jobs can be created in the agricultural sector, broadlydefined, including activities related to rural industrialization and overall ruraldevelopment. Both on-farm and off-farm employment potential must be fullyexploited. This will raise incomes of farmers and rural labor on a sustainablebasis and provide a much-needed boost to demand for industrial products andservices, thus spurring all-around economic growth.There is an urgent need to raise public investment in agriculturesubstantially. Areas needing investment include: irrigation; watersheddevelopment; rural infrastructure; drinking water; housing and sanitation. Thiswill help raise the productivity of Indian agriculture to international levels andhelp in promoting rural (and interlinked urban) prosperity in India.Second-generation reforms must reduce the perennial anti-agricultural biasby permitting free® exports of all primary products. This will provide a majorboost to India's exports consistent with the rules set by the World TradeOrganization. Simultaneously, India must improve its marketing infrastructure.Agricultural reform will unleash high growth rates in agriculture, on whichnearly sixty percent of India's population is still dependent for employment.Agricultural prosperity will help to markedly reduce endemic rural poverty.Industrial RestructuringIndustrial reforms must be geared to explicitly improve the productivityand international competitiveness of Indian industry by focusing on nicheproducts and niche markets. Economic policy in this respect must facilitateECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA282mergers and acquisitions and the winding up of terminally ill enterprises inboth the public and private sectors by restructuring bankruptcy laws. Massiverestructuring is required of Public Sector Units. Most non-performing publicsector units should be quickly sold through a privatization process that alsosafeguards the interests of workers through fair compensation for loss of jobs.Public sector enterprises should be governed by a commercial culture in whichgovernment holdings are no more than 26 percent of equity and are retainedonly to preserve strategic control. It is of the utmost importance that microlevelreforms must supplement macro-level reforms in the future to achievesynergy. The private sector in India needs to become more international in itsoutlook to become more competitive and to increase its overseas presencethrough outward FDI.Labor ReformsA properly formulated labor policy must form the core of secondgenerationreforms. This will require viable alternative social safety nets andeffective retraining and re-employment opportunities. Once satisfactory safetynets are in place, more intensive competition should be injected into the labormarket by allowing 'hire and fire' policies unambiguously linked to theproductivity and profitability of micro-enterprises. The government shouldstart by exempting units in the newly created Special Economic Zones fromthe rigors of labor laws. These measures would be of great help in redressinginefficiency of workers in public enterprises and public services (such as healthcare in rural areas).Foreign Trade and Outward Investment PoliciesNo economic reforms can succeed in India without ensuring adequategrowth of exports of goods and services to ensure longer-term viability of itsbalance of payments. While anti-dumping measures need to be strengthened toprotect Indian industry from unfair import competition, the longer-termreforms must continue to lower import duties to levels comparable to those inleading Southeast Asian countries. Simultaneously, measures should be takenby the government to replace quantitative restrictions (wherever they stillremain in place) through appropriately determined tariffs.The second generation of economic reforms must facilitate the growth ofIndia's own Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). The government mustfurther liberalize outward foreign investment to allow potentially competitiveIndian MNCs to establish production bases abroad and trade internationally.Finally, industry and government must make cooperative efforts to prepareIndian industry to meet the new and ever-emerging challenges posed by theCHARAN WADHVA283new world trade order and the new world investment order being evolvedunder the World Trade Organization.Financial Sector ReformsIndia must heed the lessons of the East Asian economic crisis andrecovery, and attached the utmost urgency the next phase of financial-sectorreforms. The high level of Non-Performing Assets plaguing long-termDevelopment Financing Institutions and commercial banks must bedramatically reduced.To summarize, greater competition in the financial sector with anappropriate exit policy to reduce overstaffing together, along with soundmacro-economic policies, will help to lower the real rate of interest and spurinvestment and efficiency, thereby raising growth rates and benefitingconsumers. Coupled with the current regime of falling interest rates, greatercompetition in the financial sector in general and among the commercial banksin particular will help to increase the rate of investment in the economy.Simultaneously, foreign insurance and pension funds should be allowed tooperate with fewer restrictions to make more resources available to finance themodernizing of India's infrastructure. Further policy and procedural reforms(especially in the power sector) will help to attract substantially higherinvestment in India's infrastructural sectors.Finally, credible policy measures that protect investors, especiallyindividual investors with small savings must be adopted. These measures, ifeffectively implemented, will help to revive growth in India's capital and stockmarkets. It must be remembered at all times that the be-all and end-all of alleconomic activities is the consumer. Future economic reforms must aim todirectly benefit Indian consumers through cost reductions, enhanced quality ofgoods and services, and by expanding customer choice through competition.CONCLUSIONSWithin the constraints of democratic politics and the relatively 'soft' natureof the economic reforms implemented since 1991, the Indian economy hasreaped several welcome rewards from its reforms. These have strengthenedthe conviction that the broad direction of the reforms is right and, in thatsense, made the reform process irreversible. However, India needs to launch a'second generation' of economic reforms, with a more human face, if it is toreap their full potential. Politicians and administrators need to display greaterpragmatism while designing and implementing future economic reforms. TheECONOMIC REFORM IN INDIA284reforms must be based on the long-term vision of transforming India into aglobal economic power in the next twenty to twenty-five years.It will be of the utmost importance that all sections of society are educatedas to the long-term benefits of reform in order to mobilize public support.These reforms, therefore, will have to be drastically redesigned and politically'marketed'. Future economic reforms must be seen and experienced as notonly good economics but also good politics.Two paradigm shifts in the reforms, backed up by the effective fulfillmentof the promises made, will help to garner the support of the Indian people.First, these reforms must aim to raise the productivity of Indian labor andimprove the work culture and, over time, provide significant rewards to thepeople of India by spurring growth, providing a higher level of real wages, andgenerating wider avenues for employment and re-employment. Growth withemployment is the most effective strategy for eliminating poverty andimproving the quality of life of the people.Second, the reforms must aim to directly benefit Indian consumers. Over areasonable time span, the reforms must reduce prices of goods and services(including public goods), improve their quality, and allow much more freedomof choice by maximizing the benefits of healthy competition. This will furtherexpand the size of the market-both domestic and international-and provideincentives to entrepreneurs to raise their investment, output, and employment.A combination of more productive labor and pro-consumer economic reformswill be a win-win, proving to be both good economics and good politics.Visionary political statesmanship will be required for this. It should not beslogan-oriented but more result-oriented since it will likely be perceived andexperienced as 'pro-people'.
