Most artistic ventures in the middle ages were dedicated to either the local royalty or to the church. For theater troupes, it was mandatory that they be under the guidance, or "patronage", of a lord or duke so that they wouldn't perform anything too subversive toward the government (or so thought Queen Elizabeth I). Henry Carey, Lord Chamberlain was the original patron of The Chamberlain's Men from its conception in 1594. Because the already notable playwright William Shakespeare was a founding member, the troupe had sole performance rights to his plays.
Shakespeare and other playwrights called themselves the Chamberlain's Men because they were initially sponsored by Sir Thomas Brend, the Chamberlain of the City of London. This sponsorship allowed them to perform their plays at the Globe Theatre. After Brend's death, they continued to use the name out of respect and tradition.
Lord Chamberlains Men
The acting company to which Shakespeare belonged for most of his working life was called The Lord Chamberlain's Men from 1594-1603, and The King's Men after that. Shakespeare was not the troupe's leader, but rather a partner.
He was killed by forty Roman senators who called themselves Liberators.
A playwright.they are called playwrights.
A man called Harold Bloom wrote a book called "William Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human" in which he falls short of claiming that Shakespeare invented the human race but does make the rather large claim that Shakespeare invented characterization in drama. It's a claim that holds no water even though Shakespeare's characters are more subtle and layered than those of his earliest contemporaries. Bloom claims that Shakespeare's characters exist outside of the context of the plays they are in. This makes no sense: we would not know the characters without the plays. In short, Shakespeare's ideas were not new, but he did what he did better and more expertly than most playwrights before or since.
He didn't. This has been a thorn in the sides of certain people for centuries, starting with Greene calling him an "upstart crow" in 1592. (Greene and many of the other playwrights of the time, including Marlowe, were University Men) Some people insist that Shakespeare couldn't have written his plays because he hadn't been to University, and so couldn't be smart enough to know the things he knew.
Her name was Anne Hathaway. After she married Shakespeare, she was known as Anne Shakespeare.
She's dead, you know. She was called Mary Arden until she was married to Mr. Shakespeare, when she was called Mary Shakespeare.
Shakespeare was not only a playwright; he was an actor. In those days the law said that a company of actors had to be sponsored by a noble person or they would be considered to be vagabonds and be arrested. Having a noble sponsor was therefore essential to be a legal theatre company, and in order to prove that you were legal (and to flatter your patron so you could keep his patronage) you referred to yourself as "the servants of the Lord . . ." whatever his name was. The Burbage company in 1594 obtained the patronage of Henry Carey, the Lord Chamberlain, so they were called The Lord Chamberlain's Men.
She's dead, you know. She was called Mary Arden until she was married to Mr. Shakespeare, when she was called Mary Shakespeare.
Felix Mendelssohn wrote some extremely well-known music as the background to William Shakespeare's play, including a wedding march that absolutely everybody knows, although they may not know it was by Mendelssohn or that it was for Shakespeare's play. People who write plays are called playwrights--that would be Shakespeare. People who write music (well, classical music anyway) are called composers--Mendelssohn is the composer. Just in case you still don't know what the wedding march sounds like, I'm attaching a link.
William Shakespeare's mother is named as Mary Shakespeare.