It is unclear what the question is trying to stress.
If the question is asking why the Amalekites attacked the Israelites as a general matter, tradition is consulted. According to tradition, Amalek is the epitomy of hatred against the Israelites and against God. They attacked (Exodus ch.17) because the Israelites have as their duty to publicize the awareness of God. The Amalekites were a harsh and unrepentant desert tribe that saw the arrival of the Israelites as a spiritual threat and attacked.
If the question is asking why the Amalekites attacked in the desert (as opposed to a city), there was strategic benefit to doing so. The primary benefit to attacking people in transit is that they are less fortified. A secondary benefit that accrues to the Amalekites in the Sinai is that the area was familiar terrain to them, more so than to their adversaries.
The Amalekites attacked the Israelites in the desert because they saw them as a threat to their territory and resources. The attack also revealed the Amalekites' opposition to the Israelites and their God, as they sought to weaken them during their journey.
The king of the Amalekites that Saul spared was Agag. Scripture records that Samuel killed Agag after Saul had failed to carry out God's command to completely destroy the Amalekites.
The Amalekites likely worshiped a variety of Canaanite deities, such as Baal and Asherah, along with other gods of the region. Their religion would have included rituals and practices common to the ancient Near East.
God commanded King Saul to completely destroy the Amalekites, including men, women, children, and animals, as punishment for their past sins against the Israelites. However, King Saul spared the Amalekite king Agag and the best of the livestock, which led to God rejecting Saul as king.
The promised land of the Israelites was Canaan, the land that God had promised to Abraham and his descendants. The Israelites returned to the promised land after being led by Moses through the Exodus, where they wandered in the desert for 40 years before finally entering Canaan under the leadership of Joshua.
God rained down manna from heaven to feed the Israelites during their journey in the desert as described in the Bible. Manna was described as a sweet, flaky substance that appeared on the ground each morning for the Israelites to collect and eat.
in the sinai desert
There is no information regarding the distance the Israelites traveled with Moses in the desert. It is said that they traveled for forty years.
The Israelites were attacked along the road to Canaan by the Amalekites. This is recounted in Exodus 17:8-15 which is in the related links below.
Moses led the Israelites through the Sinai Desert.
It was the quail.
Thet wandered for 40 years in the Sinai Desert.
40 years
Moses and the Israelites
The bible says they were in the desert for 40 long years.
Because King Saul sinned after he attacked the Amalekites (1 Samuel 13) God rejected him and sent the prophet Samuel to appoint David son of Jesse.
The 40 years of wandering in the desert by the israelites was a punishment from god, so those who made the golden calf would not reach the promised land.
The Israelites, led by Moses, marched up up and down the Sinai peninsula for 40 years. This would encompass the Arabian desert. Before finally entering Israel