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Japan modernised as a result of internal and external pressures.
Externally, Japan was pressured by the Dutch, and specifically Commodore Perry to open it's doors to trade. If they refused, Commodore Perry threatened to invade Japan by force.
Internally, the strict Japanese feudal system had begun to collapse as a result of the displacement of the Samurai class. Virtually, their entire class system had begun to deteriorate and the Tokugawa Shogunate lost all power in 1868, where the Meiji emperor took place as head of Japan. As well as this, Japan had begun to actively seek innovation and Western ideas into all levels of society. Effectively, the 1947 civil code allowed for the establishment of a constitutional democracy with a national parliament, thus allowing for political modernisation to occur in Japan.
IN SUMMARY:
Japan only modernised in order to remain an independent sovereign state and avoid aggressive western imperialism.
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