There is no prohibition against divorce in the Torah. Although the husband has to initiate divorce according to Jewish law, in cases of abuse, the husband can be forced to do so.
The exception regarding no prohibition against divorce is that a husband can't divorce his wife due to illness or inability to have children.
According to the Torah, divorce is accomplished simply by writing a bill of divorce (this is what you refer to as the decree), handing it to the wife, and sending her away. It is not necessary for a husband to personally hand the document to the wife. Incidentally, a civil divorce is not sufficient to dissolve a Jewish marriage. As far as Jewish law is concerned, a couple remains married until the woman receives the bill of divorce.
The Torah did have, and still has, 613 commandments, according to Jewish tradition.
According to the Torah, the Promised Land is what is now called Israel.See also:Does Israel belong to the Jews?What is the origin of Israel?
According to the Torah, the Promised Land is what is now called Israel.See also:Does Israel belong to the Jews?What is the origin of Israel?
Yes, according to the Torah, all people are the children of HaShem. This is not literal of course, HaShem is not a physical being who procreates.
living according to the Torah, as much as we can.
According to the Torah, adultery is specifically when a married Jewish woman has sex with a Jewish man other than her husband.
Yes, divorce is allowed, even required in certain circumstances. The process of getting a divorce is very straight forward and isn't that different from a secular divorce. The main difference is that it has to be instigated by the husband, however, there are possible exceptions to this rule.
Belief in one God.
According to the story in the Torah, yes they were.
According to the Torah.
Yes, if it is slaughtered according to halakha (Torah law).