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During pregnancy the baby's temperature is kept fairly constant inside the mother's body at about 37.7oC. The babies rely on their mothers to sweat and shiver for them (as they are unable to do these things themselves) to keep their own body temperature regulated.

Once born, babies still have only a limited ability to regulate their own body temperature. Babies can move a little but are unable to shiver. They can sweat, but only the glands in their heads, necks hands and feet are active (being about 25 to 30% of their total body size). To keep warm a baby may try to curl up into the fetal position, move or cry (if not covered warmly with clothes or wraps). However, a baby's main source of heat production is their special body fat, known as brown adipose tissue (or 'BAT'). BAT starts to be produced at 26 to 30 weeks of the pregnancy and makes up about 2 to 7 % of the baby's total body weight at birth. BAT is similar to fat tissue found in hibernating animals.

BAT plays an important role in providing body heat for babies. Unfortunately a disadvantage of babies using their BAT to warm up is that metabolism of the fat to produce heat requires extra oxygen and glucose. This can result in the newborn baby's system becoming physically stressed as they try to maintain their body heat, if allowed to become too cold (ideally the baby's temperature should be no lower than 36.0oC). Often babies are reluctant to feed when their temperatures are very low (in an effort to conserve energy) compounding the problem.

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12y ago
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16y ago

Infants sometimes die from SIDS.

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11y ago

Hypothermia.

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Q: Why do babies with low temperature die at birth?
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