One theory is that they can perceive the magnetic field of the earth.
Another is that they face away from bad weather or turn side on to draw in more or less heat from the sun.
Another is that the herd will usually follow what the lead cow is doing.
The direction of a magnetic field is defined by the direction in which a compass needle will point when placed within that field -that is, from north to south.
The direction of magnetic field lines are from north to south
North
it depends on the north of a magnet and the south of a magnet
magnetic field is a region of space where a north magnetic monopole experiences a force. The direction of the field is by definition the direction of the force on the north end of a magnet. Since most texts contain diagrams of magnetic fields they will not be reproduced here.
North west
A compass. The North magnetic pole is in the direction of the N on the compass. Therefore, the North magnetic pole is in fact a magnetic field south pole since it *attracts* the north magnetic field pole of the compass magnet.
Every 100,000 years or so, the Earths magnetic field shifts direction. North becomes south, south becomes north.
There are two kinds of magnetic poles. It is just a matter of convention that we *define* one of the north. Then we *define* the direction of the magnetic field to be the direction of force experienced by a test north pole. Magnetic field lines and their directions don't really exist, they can only be observed indirectly. It follows from our definition that they must originate in the north poles.
The north faced reconciliation with the south.
Get a magnet that's free to turn in any direction ... a boy-scout compass will do nicely.Place it in the magnetic field. It rotates to point in the direction of the field 'lines' atthat location. (I forget whether it's the north or south pole of the compass that pointsin the direction of the magnetic field, or opposite to it.)If you like, move your detector slowly, always following the direction in which it points,and you'll trace out a complete 'line' of the magnetic field.
It reacts to the magnetic field of the Earth.