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Why do herders often have to move their livestock in order to find the best grazing land?
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What you need to be come Live stock broker?
You need a license in order to become a livestock broker. Contact your state's department of livestock in order to find out about licensing requirements.
What is the importance of fodder crops to livestock?
Fodder crops are incredibly important to livestock, especially cattle. Feeding cattle and grazing them ultimately depends on the production of forage crops because these animals will not nor can not eat anything else. Cattle are herbivores and designed to eat plants that are impossible for us humans to eat, so in order for us to get beef and milk from these animals, we had--and have--to feed them according to what they can, will, and need to eat. Thus, no matter how or what cattle are fed, they all source from fodder crops.
What can be done to prevent erosion associated with grazing animals?
The best thing is to begin proper grazing practices with grazing animals. While it's more difficult with wildlife, it's easier with livestock like cattle, sheep and goats.Proper grazing starts with removing livestock from loitering around and in sensitive riparian areas and wetlands including ponds, creek and river banks, sloughs, lakes etc. This can be done by fencing off the sensitive areas to exclude livestock for long periods of time using simply a couple of strands of high-tensile electric fence (low enough that wildlife can jump over), and provide sources of water away from these sensitive areas by building gravity-fed water systems, solar-powered pumping systems, or any other system that works and fits the budget.Proper grazing also means looking at the lay of the land more carefully and planning out a managed-intensive grazing system that takes advantage of the lay of the land and gets livestock out of the valleys where the wetlands are, and up in the hills more.In order to perform proper grazing, you need to look at the stocking rate for your area. You may have too many animals, or too few. Either way you can invite overgrazing--which invites erosion--by not allowing enough rest to the land. (In some sensitive areas, too much rest can also be a problem.)Preventing erosion, or rather mitigating erosion and encouraging more plant growth, means also giving the land more rest to recuperate after grazing. Selective grazing as encouraged by allowing the animals free access to a lot of acreage over several months does not allow plants significant rest, and can select for less desirable plant species. Grouping animals together and moving them as a unit to different paddocks, and allowing the area just grazed to rest for a significant amount of time (how much depends on the vegetation and the time needed for vegetation to grow back to the optimum stage for grazing, which tends to be at the 3rd or 4th-leave stage) before being grazed again is the best means to mitigate erosion and allow plants to grow back and take over the bare spots that would otherwise invite erosion.Trees would not be a wise solution. However, if the area is such where trees once grew, then a shelter belt or a small grove can be created as new habitat for forest-dwelling wildlife. Livestock must be excluded from this area, though, for an extensive period of time to allow the saplings to grow. Cattle in particular are very good at killing trees, especially if they are allowed free-access to the forest for extended periods of time. Note though, that trees are not going to be covering the ground as quickly as grass and forbs are, thus will not be covering the soil as quickly.
What is controlled grazing?
Controlled grazing is allowing farm animals to graze a field for a brief period of time to protect the area from the damages of grazing. When some animals graze, they dig up roots and everything. This will de-grass an area and make it succeptable for erosion. By limiting graze time, fields can produce all year round instead of being a one time harvest.Answer 2:Controlled grazing is a management practice designed to regulate the amount of time and the amount of grazing that should take place within a particular paddock or pasture in order to either increase/optimize animal performance or forage quality or both. Controlled grazing is mainly used to control the quality, yield, consumption and persistence of forage from pasture. The area of fresh pasture provided to a set number of animals for a given period (known as stock density or carrying capacity) is changed to control the amount of forage eaten, its quality, and how long each pasture or paddock is rested between grazing periods. In this way, it's possible to match pasture growth with the animals' requirements. Surplus growth is conserved as hay or silage, while growth shortages are made up by careful feeding of supplements.Controlled grazing is one of many names given to the term Managed Intensive Grazing or MIG. Other names include Mob Grazing, Rotational Grazing, Intensive Grazing, etc.From the first answer above, Time Controlled Grazing is what occurs when you, "[allow] farm animals to graze a field for a brief period of time..." TCG is very important for pastures/rangeland that have native grasses which are more prone to decreasing in population size than tame grasses. There is also another name for this method, and it's abbreviated as HFLI, or High-Frequency-Low Intensity. This method is also useable on tame pastures, where grazers are only allowed to take off about 10 to 20% of the forage mass before moving on to another paddock, but the return frequency is much faster than the HILF grazing, or High Intensity-Low Frequency grazing (taking ~70% cover and coming back to it 30 to 50 days later)."...to protect the area from the damages of grazing." This statement depends on what area needs to be protected from grazing, what animals are being used for MIG and how grazing is being utilized. For instance, allowing livestock to graze in a particular area for a "brief period of time" may apply to riparian areas that are being fenced off from regular grazing areas accessed by cattle, for instance. Riparian areas are land that surrounds a body of water, be it a pond, a creek, a slough, a lake or a river. Riparian areas are critical wildlife habitat for birds, insects and mammals, as well as areas where a huge variety of indigenous and vulnerable plant life exist. Livestock that are in this area for long trample these plants, eat all the leaves off the trees as far as they can reach, and make a big mud hole where a healthy pond or slough once was. Livestock are not as careful where they step and what they eat as other native wildlife species are such as deer, elk and moose.However, any grassland, native or tame, is susceptible to damage from grazing if it is not managed properly. Overgrazing stems from livestock grazing an area too many times too often, resulting in poorer plant vigour and root death. A few parts of one pasture can be overgrazed than other parts, simply because the livestock have been able to access the whole pasture and are not controlled to particular sections; hence controlled grazing and MIG.Ironically, the most common type of grazing is when livestock are allowed to graze until the forage is only 3 to 4 inches in height. Hoof action, deposition of urine and feces in a more uniform area aid in increasing pasture growth. However, the cincher is that livestock are not allowed to graze a certain area until it is at least 10 to 12 inches in height. If grazed any shorter, this compromises root recovery, energy storage in the roots (decreasing this as plants are repeatedly grazed below this ideal height), and grass' ability to depend on photosynthesis alone. This is why HILF grazing stresses low frequency: to prevent overgrazing, and allow the forage plenty of time to recover."When some animals graze, they dig up roots and everything. This will de-grass an area and make it succeptable for erosion." It is important to define when and where some grazers will pull up roots as they graze. Pigs are bad for this, and they're best "grazed" in feilds where root crops are being grown, as well as in fields where the crop has already been taken off. Other true grazers like cattle, sheep and horses will pull up grasses in a pasture that has been reseeded that year and have not been prevented from grazing that area for a full year. Grasses and forages that are growing from seed do not have adequate root development enough to anchor the plant in the ground in defense of the pulling action of the grazers, and it is thus important to let them complete their life cycle undisturbed. Forbs in riparian areas can be established for years, but are more susceptible to being pulled up because they always grow from seed, not from tillers nor parent plants like grasses do.Sheep and horses are the worst for grazing plants right to the dirt. These grazers don't "dig up roots and everything...[de-grassing] an area and [making] it susceptible [to] erosion," they are able to graze plants to the soil, which destroy the growth points of these plants (particularly in grasses and legumes with their growth points right at the ground level), and "de-grassing" an area to the point where it will be susceptible to erosion. That's why it is very important to manage how sheep and horses are being grazed, much more than with cattle."By limiting graze time, fields can produce all year round instead of being a one time harvest." This is the beauty of MIG grazing, particularly in permanent pastures. With good grazing practices, a cattle producer can graze his pastures, provided he/she has enough cattle, at least twice a grazing season. Tame pastures or temporary pastures are also able to produce quality forage twice a season with good grazing management. However, other fields are also able to be designed to be grazed only once, and this is primarily with winter grazing practices like swath grazing, bale grazing, and stockpiling.Controlled/MIG grazing is the "new" method of grazing for grazing more livestock in an area than traditionally done, and is fast becoming the best way to manage and increase pasture productivity with very little inputs like fertilizer and herbicides.
Why depreciation is not charged on livestock?
Please note that in order to charge depreciation, we must know the expected life of the subject so as to distribute the cost of the stock over that period. However, in case of livestock, the life can't be ascertained i.e. the very basis of calculation ofdepreciation is not available and this must be one of the reasons for not charging depreciation on livestock.
What is the differentiates between hunter- gatherer societies from more complex civilizations?
Hunter gathers hunt animals and look for plants to eat, while farmer-herders grow and raise their own crops in order to eat.
What is the role of an agric-extension agent in livestock production in nigeria?
1)an agricultural extension agent is the link between research institutes and livestock farmers. He transfers relevant information based on the problems encountered by livestock farmers to institues and brings back solutions from these institues. 2) an extension agent delivers new farming technology (for e.g procedures involved in artificial insemination) to the livestock farmers in a language and manner which will be easily understood in order to enhance adoption.
Poverty is among the greatest environmental threats in the world?
At 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm, Indira Gandhi called poverty the "world's greatest environmental threat". He is referring to the lack of access to resources and capital (financial, social, human, physical and natural) that prevents the impoverished from making rational decisions about their use and maintenance of scarce resources, including grazing lands, forests and water. Poverty and the inability to access resources can lead to irrational decisions, such as overgrazing, deforestation, and the pollution of water sources, all in the name of sustainable livelihood.Consider Garrett Hardin's theory of the "Tragedy of the Commons" (1968). He argues that common pool resources (such as public grazing grounds) will be used advantageously by each herder in order to maximize the benefit of their own herd (he used the example of adding more animals to the herd, until the land reached "maximum carrying capacity" and was destroyed through overgrazing).His theory has never proven accurate, however. As Elinor Ostrom (Nobel Prize winner) and many others have proven, agriculturalists and those that make a living from the forest, when they have access to resources and capital, also put in place traditional means by which they govern use of the land, in the understanding that they need the land to sustain themselves.It has only been in cases of poverty, such as the herders in Mongolia following the democratic transition, in which they find the destruction of the environment. For instance, following privatization in Mongolia, livestock distribution was unequal, with only a few receiving enough livestock to sustain their family, migrate to watering holes and proper foliage, and the finances/materials with which to build seasonal shelters for their herds. The poor herders mass migrated to major cities, usually the capital, in order to find second jobs or access markets. Their cattle have overgrazed the lands around and in the city, making the cattle unhealthy. They have also further polluted the river Tuul, which runs through the capital.
What is the weight of a trailer hauling live stock?
It all depends on what livestock you are going to put into the trailer. You really need to be very specific in order to get a good answer.
Is grazing cattle sensible?
Yes, definitely. Grazing cattle is very sensible because it requires much less fuel and machinery time to harvest the forage and deposit manure on the land than it would to harvest the forage and then spread the manure on the pasture.Cattle are very useful for consuming forage in areas where it's impractical to use machinery for getting the job done. These range from native rangelands to crop fields with crop down that are too soft to be able to get large machinery in to get the crop off. Cattle also deposit manure on the lands that need it, and they'll literally transport seeds (legumes especially, and even undesirable weed seeds) from one pasture to another.As large grazing herbivores, cattle, especially if managed properly, provide the necessary hoof action, and defoliation that plants need to grow and be productive. Proper grazing practices promote good soil health, biodiversity, increase in organic matter, etc. But proper grazing practices mean knowing timing of how long to graze and how long to let the plants to rest before next grazing. It also means knowing how much grass you have in your pasture in terms of pounds of forage per acre, in order to understand the stocking rate (as in animal unit days or months per acre) of your pasture.You can't have sensible grazing practices in order to make grazing cattle sensible.
What is the slash-burn agriculture?
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming technique where vegetation is cut down and burned before crops are planted. This method is used to clear land for cultivation, but can lead to deforestation and soil degradation if not practiced sustainably.
Why did they bring livestock during the first fleet?
There was no livestock in Australia. In order to become a self-sufficient colony, the First Fleet needed to carry sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, goats and poultry, so that more of these animals could be bred to help meet the food needs of the new colony.
