what occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough or a bumpy surface
It means that even if, before striking an object, light rays move parallel, after striking the object they will go into different directions.
They may be absorbed and converted to heat or reflected in scattered fashion.
Light will be both absorbed and will be reflected unevenly (scattered) when impinging on a surface that is irregular. It depends on the light and the surface, but some light will be absorbed, and the rest (a little or a lot) will be scattered when it is reflected in different directions.
Light is scattered as it passes through a prism.
A shadow is formed.
The phenomenon is called Rayleigh scattering. White light from the Sun is scattered going through the atmosphere. The Sun's rays coming pretty much straight down aren't scattered much, but rays going sideways through the atmosphere - the sunrise and sunset rays - are scattered. Red light is scattered least, so those sunset rays make it through to make the sky appear red, while blue rays are scattered more. The blue light rays are scattered toward the ground, and this makes the sky appear blue.
what occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough or a bumpy surface
You see the reflected light being scattered in different directions.
It means that even if, before striking an object, light rays move parallel, after striking the object they will go into different directions.
They may be absorbed and converted to heat or reflected in scattered fashion.
Light will be both absorbed and will be reflected unevenly (scattered) when impinging on a surface that is irregular. It depends on the light and the surface, but some light will be absorbed, and the rest (a little or a lot) will be scattered when it is reflected in different directions.
Light is scattered as it passes through a prism.
no It is definitely obeying both the basic laws of reflection. Only that on irregular reflection, all incident rays are at different angles which results in scattered reflected rays of light.
When light strikes a smooth surface (like a mirror), it is reflected. When it hits a rough surface (like a sheet of paper) it is diffused, meaning the rays of light are scattered.
The question I'll answer is "How is the Compton Effect best explained by the particle nature of light?" When x-rays are sent into a metal, some of them are scattered out at an angle. When this happens, their wavelength changes, and this change depends on the angle at which they come out. Deriving this formula is VERY easy if we assume that the scattered x-rays are particles hitting an electron within the metal. It is impossible to do so by assuming the x-rays are simple EM waves with a very high frequency.
Transparent materials will always allow light to pass through, translucent materials will allow light to pass through as well but the light rays will be scattered. Opaque materials will not allow any light to pass through.