3 bond pairs and no lone pairs
14 ve- so 7 bonds/lone pairs. Cl will have three sets of lone pairs on it and F will have three sets of lone pairs on it. There is a single bond between Cl and F 1 bond, 6 lone pairs = total number of ve-
one can find the bond pairs by finding the oxidation state on the central atom
The bond angle is 180 because ICl2- has three Lone Pairs attached to it making it Linear.
The molecular geometry of a compound helps to determine polarity because, it indicates the number of lone pairs on a central atom thus giving it specified angles and polarity (only if there are lone pairs because if there are no lone pairs on the central atom, them it is non-polar).
In bonded pairs of electrons the repulsion of the negative charges is somewhat reduce by the positive charge of the bonded atom's nucleus. Lone pairs do not have this.
3 bond pairs and no lone pairs
in water there are two bond pairs and two lone pairs where as in CH4 there are are four bond pairs nad no lone pair. in ch4 there is only bond pair to bond pair repulsion but in water there are three types of repulsions, lone to lone (greatest repulsion), lone to bond ( lesser repulsion ) and bond to bond ( the least repulsion) , therefore due to the presence of two lone pairs in water the bond pairs are repelled with greater force and they get compressed, reducing the ideal bond angle from 109.5 to 104.5 on the other hand, ch4 has only bond pairs and they dont repel each other that strongly so its angle is greater n its 109.5..
14 ve- so 7 bonds/lone pairs. Cl will have three sets of lone pairs on it and F will have three sets of lone pairs on it. There is a single bond between Cl and F 1 bond, 6 lone pairs = total number of ve-
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
4 bond pairs (F-N=N-F) plus 3 lone pairs on each fluorine and 1 on each nitrogen:together 8 lone pairs plus 4 bond pairs in both cis- and trans-Dinitrogen difluoride
How do lone pairs around the central atom affect the polarity of the molecule?
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
two
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
one can find the bond pairs by finding the oxidation state on the central atom