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The defining characteristic of metals, in a chemical sense, is that they have between one and three valance electrons and they tend to lose electrons, as compared to non metals which have a larger number of valance electrons and are much less prone to losing them. So, when a metal is heated sufficiently, outer electrons get hot enough to leave the atom. Then, electrons are recaptured. In the process of becoming part of an atom again, an electron emits a photon, with a typical wavelength for a given element, thereby creating a characteristic color. As a result of this process, the color of a flame is mainly due to whatever metals are present.

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Q: Why do metals always impart their characteristic colors to a flame?
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