When fruit flesh is exposed to air, it experiences oxidation, much like iron does. This reaction doesn't result in the rust that iron's reaction does, but it is responsible for the brown coloring that this exposed fruit flesh takes on.
some fruits can ripen when exposed to high levels of CO2 or etilen which is a plant hormone (bet my spelling is wrong but that's how you say it).
Yes.
some do some don't.
Some species change coulour as a way to protect themselves from predators.
I looked it up at Answers.com (http://www.answers.com/tyrosinase?cat=health) Appears that TYROSINASE is contained in some fruits and vegetables (like apples, or potatoes; the entry in Answers.com also explains that this enzyme is responsible for the dark colour produced when cut raw food is exposed to air.
Some peoples' hair colour changes according to the weather. For example: In summer some peoples' hair colour goes lighter and leaves natural highlights behind.
The leave of some trees change from green to what is often termed as 'Autumn Tints' especially by artists and photographers. Therefore, the season of colour change is Autumn (know as Fall in America).
Usually its the changing of the colour but in some cases it can be different.
when it is heated, exposed to light, mixed or when electricity passes through it
Sapphire's when they are mined are totally natural, they come out of the mines in various different colours and do not change colour. However, there are some Sapphire's that have been heat treated to change their colour
Gold has a shiny yellow colour and copper has a pinkish colour but it appears brown, due to the reaction with oxygen. Some metals have a blackish colour like lead or iron. Some show bluish cast when exposed to light like osmium. Metal Niobium sometimes appears blue due to reactivity with oxygen. But most of the elements have silvery colour.
Yes, flower colour is an inherited genetic trait. Although some flowers may start off a specific colour and change colour as the flower matures