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This phenomenon is due to a condition called atmospheric perturbation. Think of very a hot day. Images seem to shimmer, especially if you are looking across a hot surface, such as an asphalt road. This shimmering occurs because, between you and the object, hot air rises, creating movements in the air, and adjacent air currents of different temperatures give rise to something called refraction, meaning the light is bent somewhat. Because the currents are moving, waxing, and waning, the refraction (light bending) is constantly changing, and so we see an apparent shimmering of a stationary object.

The same effect occurs when we look at stars. Adjacent air currents in the atmosphere give rise to variable refractions, and so from our perspective, the stars appear to shimmer, or twinkle as it is commonly called.

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