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That is called the 'Gag Reflex'. The reflex prevents any liquid or solid food from getting into the lungs by going down the wrong (the Esophagus and not the Trachea).

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Q: Why do you cough when a piece of food goes the wrong way?
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What happens when food goes down the wrong way?

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If you mean when you kind of choke slightly, it means the food/drink almost when into you're Trachea (the branch of your throat that goes to the lungs) instead of going down your Esophagus (the branch that goes to your stomach). The cough reflex comes from you're to get the food away from the Trachea.


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