I don't know the reason(s) for Russia and other countries holding out, but I know the reason that England and its colonies did not go along with the switch to the Gregorian calendar in October, 1582 was directly related to the facts that the reformed calendar was a product of the Roman Catholic Church, headed by Pope Gregory XIII, and England, under the rule of King Henry VIII, had just broken away from the Roman Catholic Church and formed the Church of England a few decades earlier due to the refusal of Pope Clement VII to grant the king an annulment of his marriage.
England (including its North American colonies) finally boarded the Gregorian bandwagon in September, 1752.
This is fun to try: If you have access to a Unix-based computer system (and permission to use it), enter the command
cal 1752
and look at the result (especially September).
No, not at all. People often do it, to check up a date for the following year. There is nothing unlucky about doing it.
"Adoption" in this sense means that people start using it.
Because in the Chinese Calendar, which is the Lunar Calendar, it is the New Year. The Lunar Calendar and Solar Calendar is different.
The new calendar has pictures
This is never possible as people around the world celebrate Chinese New Year at the same time, however, it is a different date on every year. Think of it as would you celebrate new year on a different date in America and in Australia?
The calendar is set to be released later this year in September or Octoberhttp://www.newmoonmovie.org/2009/06/new-moon-calendar-with-new-official-image/
The calendar would stay on track with the seasons
Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, and the new year fell on January first. There were some people, however, who hadn't heard or didn't believe the change in the date, so they continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April first. Others played tricks on them and called them "April fools." They sent them on a "fool's errand" or tried to make them believe that something false was true.
The Gregorian calendar
Yes, since the Chinese calendar is synchronised with the lunar calendar.
either solar or lunar calendar
Nowadays, Ukraine uses the gregorian calendar. However, they used to use their own calendar. On 14 January, what Ukrainians call old new year today was the old ukrainian calendar's new year.