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Lets' look at this from a simplistic point of view.

The predominant factors when dealing with a bridge is strength and weight. The strength of the bridge is how much load it can handle. The weight is how much the bridge weighs before loads (such as cars) are applied. The weight of the construction material must be included when considering the total strength of the bridge. For instance, if a bridges strength is 110 pounds, and the weight of material is 100 pounds, then you can only put 10 pounds on the bridge before failure.

Bridges can be made from any material. Wood is commonly used on hiking trails, Composite (Plastics) have been used on some small bridges. However, the two most popular are Steel, and reinforced concrete (Reinforced Concrete has steel rods inside the concrete to increase the strength).

The reason for this is because of the incredible strength of the steel or concrete per pound of material. This allows for a very strong structure that does not generate a lot of weight. This means that the load carrying capacity of the bridge is maximized.

Furthermore, the structural design of a bridge allows for load shifting. This explains the grid pattern above, or below, some bridges, the big arch under some concrete bridges, or the characteristic look of suspension bridges.

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Q: Why do you use steel to make bridges?
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