With military aircraft - the alpha character is simple. For the US obviously.
With many variations.
Oblivious these are not all Boeing developments but Boeing follow the conventions.
The C-17 is a cargo plane - so "C"
They are named at the time of their development. first came the 707, then the 717, 727, etc. the latest aircraft they have made is the 787
Depends on the manufacturer. For example, Boeing assembles their own planes, while Airbus assembles their own also. For fighter aircraft like the F-18, boeing has taken over manufacturing.
in a conventional aircraft - eg Boeing 747 etc the wings require lift to be created. This in acheived by having a faster airflow over the top of the wing compared to underneath. Without this flow of air an aircraft wouldn't fly.
It depends on which 737 aircraft it is. The 737 aircraft has been made in many variations -100, -200 etc through to -900 all of which have a different number. Freighter conversions have no passenger windows
There is no single figure for Boeing 757-200 take off and landing speeds. Aircraft's take off and landing speeds depend on its performance and always depend on many flight conditions like: flight weight, flaps setting, air temperature, etc. These speends are usually pre-calculated by aircraft manufacturer and presented on table charts.
It would depend entirely on the Airline you are using. However, nearly all of them will use one of five types, so I will list them for you: Airbus A330 Airbus A340 Boeing 747 Boeing 767 Boeing 777 These are all widebody aircraft; there IS a British Airways service that uses a small aircraft (Airbus A318) from London City, for business class only with about 35 seats. Charter airlines might use older aircraft, but apart from the chance of an Airbus A300 or Boeing 757 substituting for a broken-down plane, they will also be from the five main types above.
It depends on the jet and the cabin. First class for example has fewer seats per row than economy. A Boeing 737 would have 4 F class seats per row but 6 economy seats per row. A Boeing 777 would have more in both classes as would a Boeing 767.
United Technologies sells aerospace parts, aircraft engines, HVAC equipment etc to a number of large aerospace manufacturers like Boeing, Airbus, etc. You can get more idea about its customers and products by viewing the sources/related links below.
A manufacture like Bell, Boeing, Schwizer, etc.
This varies with the weight of the aircraft, flap positions, weather conditions etc., but the stall speed of your average Boeing 777-200ER with a normal loading of passengers (about 300) on final approach would be around about 140mph.
United Technologies sells aerospace parts, aircraft engines, HVAC equipment etc to a number of large aerospace manufacturers like Boeing, Airbus, etc. You can get more idea about its customers and products here: http://spiderbook.com/unitedtechnologies-customers.html
There are millions of types like Boeing 737 Boeing 707 bombardier CRJ700 etc there are just lots