Caffeine is actually a non-polar substance, and normally would not dissolve in water, but since it contains some polar bonds it is able to dissolve in hot water. This is how they decaffeinate coffee, the coffee beans are soaked in hot water and all the flavoring, caffeine and aroma are extracted. Then it is put through a carbon filter which holds back all the caffeine so the flavoring and aroma can be added back into the bean, roasted, and ground to make you morning cup of decaffeinated coffee!
You've probably heard that "like attracts like." So you have water, which is polar, and something else. If that something else is also polar, then it'll dissolve, if it's non-polar, it won't.
A solution is actually just a homogeneous mixture that has a solute dissolved in a solvent.
When a substance is very hot there is a convection current in it. Since solids have no inter-particle space, there is no current. But in liquids like water, convection takes place as the hot substances rise while the cold ones sink.
In this coffee-water problem, due to the circulation of water, the coffee mixes easily.
The substance that is not soluble in water is sand. Salt, sugar, and powdered drink mix are all soluble in water and will dissolve when mixed with it.
Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water.
A salt cube
yes
Many things dissolve in daily life. For example, both salt and sugar will dissolve in water in daily life. Most powdered drinks and vitamins will also dissolve.
The substance that is not soluble in water is sand. Salt, sugar, and powdered drink mix are all soluble in water and will dissolve when mixed with it.
saturated
It won't. Put powdered milk in cold water to dissolve.
yes
Yes it can.
Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water.
It was dissolved
Powdered sugar crystal
A salt cube
yes
No, it won't dissolve much at all. Ginger (the spice) is the root of a plant, and powdered ginger is therefore, more or less, pleasantly-flavored sawdust and just about as soluble.
That really depends upon the temperature of the water. And not all powdered chocolate has the same formulation. But generally, it dissolves quickly, maybe in 15 seconds.