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Why does a wheel spinning clockwise appear to spin counterclockwise as it speeds up?
Turner48122
Mysteriously, that doesn't happen if you're watching the wheel outside, in sunlight. It only happens if you're inside and the wheel is illuminated by light bulbs, or ... get this ... if you're watching the wheel turn in a movie or on TV.
The intensity of a light bulb actually wiggles, brighter and dimmer, at the rate of the electricity that's running it. In North America, a light bulb has a slight 'flicker' 120 times every second, too fast for your eyes to notice it.
Movies and TV show you a still picture 30 times a second, and your brain fills in the motion. So with most artificial electric lighting, movies, and TV, you're actually seeing a fast series of still pictures.
Now take a wagon wheel with many spokes. In the space between one still picture and the next one, the wheel can turn a little more than one spoke, or exactly one spoke, or a little less than one spoke.
If it turns a little more than one spoke for the next still picture, then a great number of stills will show the wheel turning in the correct direction.
If it turns exactly one spoke for the next still picture, then a great number of stills will show the wheel not turning at all ... the orientation of the spokes is the same in every still.
If it turns a little less than one spoke for the next still picture, then a great numbers of stills will show the wheel turning backward.
If the wheel is standing still and then starts up, it can go through several of these appearances as it climbs to full speed, looking as if it's reversing its direction several times, although the wagon keeps moving forward.
All of this is known as the "stroboscopic" or 'strobe' effect.
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