This is related to the attraction between opposing electric charges: the protons (positive) attract the electrons (negative).
An atom that accepts an electron is called reduced because it gains electrons, which leads to a reduction in its oxidation state. In a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction, the atom that accepts electrons is undergoing reduction, not oxidation.
The electron can either be by itself outside of an atom, or can be in an atom in a series of energy 'shells' outside of the nucleus.
A protonis a hydrogen atom. In its normal state, Hydrogen has one proton and one electron. Because it has a high ability to accept electrons, pure hydrogen normally forms molecules by joining with itself. H2 . If the electron is removed from a hydrogen atom, it is more free to move. In this case it is actually a H+ ion. Since there is now only one particle left (the electron is gone) scientists often refer to it as a proton instead of a hydrogen atom.
Electronegativity
to become stable, it will gain an electron from a metallic atom otherwise it will mutually share electron(s) with another non - metallic atom, or even with itself
The atom that gains electron becomes an anion. The atom that loses electron becomes a cation.
Gain of an electron transform the atom in an anion.Loss of an electron transform the atom in a cation.
Linus Pauling defined electronegativity as "the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself."
It forms a new atom.
yes
an atom is larger than an electron
Though the electron itself is not present in the nucleus of an atom, the elementary particles that make up the electron are present inside the neutron. In other words, a neutron is made up of an electron and a proton. How do we know this? Because when a neutron decays, it slowly decays into a proton and an electron. It's a cycle.