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Clearing a river of debris allows for a less obstructed path for the water to flow. The debris acts almost like a dam. Beavers build their dams to flood a river of stream and create a pond or lake for themselves. The debris does the same thing: it keeps the water from flowing in the direction that it's supposed to go. The water has to go somewhere, but if it can't continue along the most direct route, then it flows out and around whatever is blocking its path.

I live only about 30 miles from the Mississippi River, and so, in the spring, a lot of times, we'll hear about flooding on the Mississippi due to ice jams. Ice that has frozen over the river during the winter thaws enough to where it breaks free of the banks and floats downstream. Sometimes, though, the larger pieces will be too large to pass between the legs of a bridge, and so they get caught under bridges. Other pieces of ice get caught behind, under, and overtop of it, and eventually, it forms an ice jam. If it's not cleared soon enough, these jams can cause a lot of flooding. There are crews who's job it is is to clear these jams before they get too large.

The debris blocks the river and forces the water to find a different path, causing it to flood.

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Q: Why does clearing river of debris reduce flooding?
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