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The basic difference is that Insulin is a peptide hormone and Estrogen is a steroid hormone. The only way Estrogen does its work is by activating DNA transcription of enzymes and this takes time because you first have to transcribe the mRNA of the enzyme then this mRNA has to be processed and then it has to be translated into the protein structure of the enzyme. On the other hand some of the functions of insulin just involve changing the activity level of already existing enzymes and this is a quicker process.

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Q: Why does insulin work much more quickly than estrogen?
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