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No, it can't be. It will change with cloud cover and the amount of polar ice.
Such reflection is called the albedo. For the earth it is 30 - 35%
It provides a habitat for polar bears, an iconic creature for global warming. The ice also acts as a serious reflector of solar radiation (the albedo effect), slowing the speed of global warming.
naturally sea ice would have the advantage of having a greater albedo
When sunlight strikes polar ice much of it is reflected back into space. This, called the albedo effect, slows global warming. When the ice melts the sun strikes the dark water, which absorbs heat much better
Probably snow, if your Earth includes the totality of items found on the planet. Some clouds would have an albedo almost as high - but only in parts. If you wish to limit your answer to earth solids, then perhaps milky quartz, and marble would have a high albedo.
Few things have higher albedo than ice - farmland is lower, but still higher than the forest which it probably replaced.
A decrease in radiative equilibrium temperature
Astronomers deduced that Pluto was probably covered with ice due to it's relatively high albedo.
Albedo is the fraction of sunlight that hits a planet that is reflected back out into space. A bright white planet that's full of ice would have a high albedo.
Albedo is a positive feedback. If there is less ice, there earth will not be able to reflect as much radiation and it will warm a little bit more. This will cause continued enhancement of ice melt.
They can. They produce an increased albedo affect and cause cooling.