There are actually several calibers that may be used for long range shooting. The 7.62 NATO (close to .308, but not the same) is a frequently used compromise. While it has less range than a monster like the .50 BMG, it is a lot easier to carry one 20 kilometers through jungle, but has a much greater range than the 5.56 cartridge.
Several dozen different rifles- it is a very popular caliber for hunting, target shooting, and military use,
The 308 caliber guns are more expensive than 5.56 assault rifles.
NO. It is too long. If you mean 7.62x54R, the R means RIMMED- .308 is rimless. Two totally different rounds from different centuries. 308 is 7.62x51
Marlin makes a .308
Any question like this will be subjective. The US military uses the .223 Remington as it's standard caliber, but most police forces use the .308 Winchester for their SWAT team snipers.
No way to answer without more information on both rifles.
Some common caliber's used for hunting are .308, 30-06. It all depends on what you are hunting. Personally I would recommend a .308, especially for a beginner. It's a common enough round and there are a number of widely supported rifles that can be chambered in .308. In addition it's somewhat on the smaller end of big game caliber's, if you plan on just getting small game or varmint hunting you might look into something smaller, but if not stay above .308.
No. The ammo used by military snipers (not designated marksmen) is hand loaded by the Ordinance Corps. Also, the military doesn't use .308 - they use 7.62x51, which matches the .308 Winchester in dimension, but differs in areas such as neck angles and case thickness.
As with all guns, the value depends on rarity and condition. A 788 in good condition in the most common caliber, .308, will sell for about $300 and up. It has this high value because it was one of the most accurate rifles ever sold, and is still being used by custom gun builders to make target rifles.
Rifles can be rechambered, if the rounds are the same caliber. You'd do this to change cartridges of the same caliber. Rifles can also be rebarreled. You'd do this to change calibers and cartridges. You can also replace the action in a rifle to change the action length. The cost of rebarreling(new caliber and cartridge) and replacing the action(new action length) would be prohibitive. It would be cheaper and easier to sell the 308 and buy a 338 magnum.
308 Rifle can hit a target over 300 yards away. The military used them as sniper rifles and they r more accurate than a .223
.308