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The Space shuttle performs what is called a roll maneuver at about T+ 20 seconds after lift off. This maneuver is done for many reasons. The first reason is the shuttle needs to fly heading relatively eastward over the Atlantic Ocean. Depending on the mission type and altitude required, the shuttle roll duration is variable. This is done also to change the orbit inclination. Some shuttle missions require the shuttle to fly over more northern parts of the globe.

A second reason for this maneuver is that the shuttle flies upside down for safety reasons (this has more to do with pitch then roll but I felt the need to explain it). If the shuttle were to fly with the Solid Rocket Boosters, SRB for short, and the External Tank, ET (the SRBs are the two white rockets and the ET is the orange gas tank) under it and an emergency situation were to arise and the crew needed to separate the shuttle from the rest of the launch vehicle, the shuttle would be unable to maneuver out of harms way. Flying with the SRBs and ET over the shuttle allows for a quick evacuation.

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