That is called "nuclear fusion".
15-17 percent of the mass of the Sun.15-17 percent of the mass of the Sun.15-17 percent of the mass of the Sun.15-17 percent of the mass of the Sun.
During the main life cycle of a star, no elements heavier than iron can be created, and that's only in very massive stars (our sun is only massive enough to fuse hydrogen into helium). Your question is a very good one, and if you thought of it on your own, you should be proud. Every element heavier than iron is created when the star dies. Specifically, when it becomes a super-nova. When all the lighter elements have been fused, the star can't generate enough energy to resist its own gravity, so it collapses in on itself. The result is a sudden gigantic spike in pressure that creates all the heavier elements. As if it weren't cool enough that we're all made from star-stuff, a good bit of us is made from supernovae, too!
About 25% (according to the Wikipedia article "Sun").
because they will have the same elements in the atmosphere...
The sun does not have enough mass or a hot enough core to fuse heavier elements such as carbon and oxygen.
None. The sun is made of pure elements, mostly hydrogen, which fuse together, creating energy in the form of heat and light. When the hydrogen has fused into helium, the helium fuses into the heavier elements. Eventually, a couple billion years in the future, the sun will be made almost entirely of iron, at which point the fusion will cease and the sun will DIE. But you won't be around to see it. At no point does water form without it being immediately consumed and fused into heavier elements.
True. Our Sun will eventually produce elements as heavy as iron.
Well all natural elements (leaving out the man made ones) come from solar nuclear reactors. The sun is still mostly hydrogen and helium, with some carbon and iron, possibly less quantities of the heavier elements. It's not big enough or hot enough to produce more of the heavier elements, which come from much larger and hotter stars or supernovae. Those probably came from the planetary nebula from a previous stellar explosion which coalesced into our planet and us.
These fusion (carbon , nitrogen , and oxygen) reactions form nuclei of sightly heavier elements.
Hydrogen and Helium. Also comprised of a core of much heavier elements, all the elements in the universe heavier than hydrogen probably came from supernovae.
That is called "nuclear fusion".
hydrogen, helium, and a small amount (less than 2%) of heavier elements
True
Older age might account for it. As a star ages, it uses up the simplest elements (hydrogen . . . helium . . .) then starts fusing heavier and heavier elements. Our Sun will get to the point of fusing iron, which is pretty heavy, but the truly large stars out there will fuse elements much heavier than Iron. These heavier and heavier elements may account for some stars having more complex elements in their spectra.
The sun is formed of hydrogen and helium, and a small amount of heavier elements. All of it is in the form of gas or plasma.
helium