Electrodes are Submerged in the Submerged Arc Furnace, into the raw materials. Reason, for allowing the electrodes to reside inside the charge mix, is the high resistance of the ores. Three purposes are served :
1. The heat coming out from arcing is utilized for preheating the ore at the upper strata.
2. Ore/Coke dust from reaction gases is entrapped in the charge mix, this increases the efficiency.
3. In case of power failure, the heat is retained in the molten alloy, meaning very low heat loss to the atmosphere.
The Soderberg electrode in a submerged arc furnace is characterized by a self-baking design that utilizes a mixture of petroleum coke and coal tar pitch. The typical formula for calculating the resistance of the Soderberg electrode can be expressed as ( R = \frac{\rho L}{A} ), where ( R ) is the resistance, ( \rho ) is the resistivity of the electrode material, ( L ) is the length of the electrode, and ( A ) is the cross-sectional area. The efficiency and performance also depend on factors such as current density and temperature, which influence the electrode's electrical and thermal properties.
Submerged Arc Furnace is also called smelting furnace. The furnace is called submerged Arc because Soderberg(Carbon) Electrodes are , buried inside the charge mix. Though Arcing is there but can not be seen. This Furnace is used for producing Ferro Alloys,Pig iron,Silicon metal, Calcium Carbide, Ferro Silicon,Ferro Chrome, Silico Manganese
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Which is the mínimum distance between the electrode an a grounding part.
Tapping in the furnace means " Taking out the liquid metal/ferro alloy" . It is a cyclic event.
Arc Length depends on the secondary voltage of furnace transformer. Thumb rule is for 500V the Arc length would be 500mm(20"). The purpose of arc length is to give maximum power to the melt, without arc flare. -
The electrodes used in a submerged arc furnace are typically made of high-grade carbon or graphite. They are referred to as "electrodes" or "carbon electrodes," and they are inserted into the furnace to conduct electricity and facilitate the melting of materials, such as metal ores or ferroalloys, by generating heat through electrical resistance. The electrodes are submerged in the charge material, which allows for efficient heat transfer and chemical reactions.
A gantry mechanism in an electric arc furnace is a movable structure that supports and moves the electrode arms over the furnace. It is responsible for controlling the positioning of the electrodes during the melting process, allowing for precise control over the arc length and power input to the furnace. This mechanism enables efficient melting of metal scrap and ensures uniform heating of the materials in the furnace.
submerged
In BOF the steel making is done by blowing oxygen through a lance and in EAF it is done by producing an arc from the electrodes. A Con-arc furnace makes use of both the technologies i.e both the oxygen blowing and electrode arc method. The input for BOF is Hot metal whereas the input for EAF is scrap. but the input for Con-arc furnace is 50% Hot metal and 50% Scrap.
INCONEL alloy 600 is readily joined by conventional welding processes. Welding materials for joining alloy 600 are INCONEL Welding Electrode 182 for shielded metal-arc welding*, INCONEL Filler Metal 82 for gas tungsten-arc and gas metal-arc welding, and INCONEL Filler Metal 82 and INCOFLUX 4 Submerged Arc Flux for the submerged-arc process. Welds made with INCONEL Welding Electrode 182 may have decreased ductility after extended exposure to temperatures of 1000° to 1400°F (540° to 760°).